Abstract: A method of pumping an oilfield fluid from a well surface to a wellbore is provided that includes providing a clean stream; operating one or more clean pumps to pump the clean stream from the well surface to the wellbore; providing a dirty stream including a solid material disposed in a fluid carrier; and operating one or more dirty pumps to pump the dirty stream from the well surface to the wellbore, wherein the clean stream and the dirty stream together form said oilfield fluid.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing the systemic delivery of growth-arresting lipid-derived bioactive drugs or gene therapy agents to an animal or human in need of such agents utilizing nanoscale assembly systems, such as liposomes, resorbable and non-aggregating nanoparticle dispersions, metal or semiconductor nanoparticles, or polymeric materials such as dendrimers or hydrogels, each of which exhibit improved lipid solubility, cell permeability, an increased circulation half life and pharmacokinetic profile with improved tumor or vascular targeting.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing the systemic delivery of growth-arresting lipid-derived bioactive drugs or gene therapy agents to an animal or human in need of such agents utilizing nanoscale assembly systems, such as liposomes, resorbable and non-aggregating nanoparticle dispersions, metal or semiconductor nanoparticles, or polymeric materials such as dendrimers or hydrogels, each of which exhibit improved lipid solubility, cell permeability, an increased circulation half life and pharmacokinetic profile with improved tumor or vascular targeting.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing the systemic delivery of growth-arresting lipid-derived bioactive drugs or gene therapy agents to an animal or human in need of such agents utilizing nanoscale assembly systems, such as liposomes, resorbable and non-aggregating nanoparticle dispersions, metal or semiconductor nanoparticles, or polymeric materials such as dendrimers or hydrogels, each of which exhibit improved lipid solubility, cell permeability, an increased circulation half life and pharmacokinetic profile with improved tumor or vascular targeting.

Abstract: A trim base C-shaped channel having a front face, a bottom face, and a hanger face configured to form a trough or C-channel; one or more T-tracks and splice tracks positioned on the interior of the trough or C-channel for mounting a plurality of components of a cable tensioning system; a concave member positioned on the front face; a trim cap having a support extension and a contact extension configured to rotate about the concave member, wherein the trim cap is configured to cover the trough or open top of the C-channel; and a spring positioned between one hanger section and the support extension, wherein the spring is configured to rotate the trim cap about the concave member and, thus, functions to conceal the cable, pulleys, guides, and other individual components of a billboard cable tensioning system used to secure and stretch a printed display sheet.

Abstract: A border trim assembly for a billboard frame having a gap between the frame and a display sheet, the assembly comprising: a base member having a front face, and a hanger section configured to affix to the billboard frame; a concave member positioned on said hanger section; a trim cap having a support extension and a contact extension configured to rotate about said concave member, wherein said trim cap is configured to cover the gap; and a spring positioned between said hanger section and said support extension wherein said spring is configured to rotate said trim cap about said concave member.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a power generation system that has an internal combustion engine that operates in a low temperature combustion mode to produce an engine exhaust that is low in NOx and particulate matter. The exhaust is treated by a fuel cell to remove organic compounds and CO while producing useful power. Another aspect of the invention relates to controlling the adiabatic flame temperature by EGR drawing from upstream of the fuel cell. A further aspect of the invention relates to treating engine exhaust with a reducing catalyst and then with a fuel cell. A still further aspect of the invention relates to treating exhaust with an intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell. A further aspect of the invention relates to a system equipped with a valve allowing exhaust to selectively bypass a fuel cell.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a clean power generation system in which an internal combustion engine is operated to produce shaft power and an exhaust stream. The exhaust stream is processed by a fuel cell. Fluctuations in power demand are met, at least in part, by increasing or decreasing power output from the fuel cell and/or power uptake or output from a power storage device. The engine can operate at a relatively constant rate, providing a steady exhaust stream, which facilitates pollution control and fuel cell operation. According to another aspect of the invention, the exhaust of an engine is treated with a fuel cell having an electrolyte that conducts protons. In addition to removing pollutants from the exhaust while generating useful power, the fuel cell can provide a supply of low acidity water. The water can be used in the fuel reformer.

Abstract: A power generation system comprising a LNT for exhaust aftertreatment. The LNT has an effective operating temperature range. When the LNT is near a limit of its effective operating temperature range, the transmission is used to select operating points that increase the LNT's effectiveness. Generally, these operating points reduce the exhaust flow rate, although other factors such as the exhaust temperature may also be taken into account in selecting the operating points. Preferably, the LNT's effective operating temperature-range includes exhaust temperatures produced by the engine at its point of peak power output, whereby the LNT does not approach the limits of its effective operating temperature range except when the engine is at less than peak power. At lower power levels, it is generally possible to select operating points that provide lower exhaust flow rates than the flow rate occurring at the peak power level.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates an exhaust treatment system having an SCR reactor following a NOx adsorber. Syn gas is used to regenerate the NOx adsorber. Another aspect relates to an LNT/SCR provided with an ammonia source separate from the LNT. A further aspect relates to a system comprising first and second LNTs and one or more SCRs downstream of the LNTs. A still further aspect relates to a device comprising first and second NOx adsorbers contained in a single housing. Another aspect relates to coating a surface of a moving part in an exhaust system with an oxidation catalyst to mitigate fouling. Additional aspects of the invention relate to strategies for controlling one or more of the time to initiate a regeneration cycle, the time to terminate a regeneration cycle, and the reductant injection rate during regeneration of LNT/SCR exhaust treatment systems.

Abstract: One or more parameters for denitration or desulfations of a LNT is varied, whereby the saturation of NOx and/or SOx in the LNT is reduced to a lower level when an operating state makes the LNT otherwise less effective or places a greater demand for conversion efficiency on the LNT. The operating state can relate to whether the LNT is at the limit of its effective operating temperature range, a degree of poisoning, or an engine operating state. Selectively tolerating high degrees of sulfur poisoning or NOx saturation during periods of low exhaust flow allows the efficiency of denitrations and/or desulfations to be increased over a large portion of a vehicle's operating cycle, particularly when the engine uses a CVT. Another concept relates to a power generation system comprising an engine tuned to efficiently operate in a narrow speed range for all levels of power output.

Abstract: A power generation system having a fuel reformer positioned inline with an engine exhaust stream. A transmission controller selects torque ratios and thereby operating points for the engine in order to facilitate start-up or operation of the fuel reformer. In one embodiment, the controller selects operating points to heat the exhaust and thus the reformer prior to starting the reformer. In another embodiment, the controller selects operating points to reduce or limit the oxygen concentration in the exhaust during denitration or desulfation of a LNT. In a further embodiment, the controller selects operating points to reduce a fuel penalty for a regeneration. The fuel penalty includes at least a contribution associated with consuming excess oxygen in the exhaust.

Abstract: A power generation system comprising a LNT for exhaust aftertreatment. The LNT has an effective operating temperature range. When the LNT is near a limit of its effective operating temperature range, the transmission is used to select operating points that increase the LNT's effectiveness. Generally, these operating points reduce the exhaust flow rate, although other factors such as the exhaust temperature may also be taken into account in selecting the operating points. Preferably, the LNT's effective operating temperature-range includes exhaust temperatures produced by the engine at its point of peak power output, whereby the LNT does not approach the limits of its effective operating temperature range except when the engine is at less than peak power. At lower power levels, it is generally possible to select operating points that provide lower exhaust flow rates than the flow rate occurring at the peak power level.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates an exhaust treatment system having an SCR reactor following a NOx adsorber. Syn gas is used to regenerate the NOx adsorber. Another aspect relates to an LNT/SCR provided with an ammonia source separate from the LNT. A further aspect relates to a system comprising first and second LNTs and one or more SCRs downstream of the LNTs. A still further aspect relates to a device comprising first and second NOx adsorbers contained in a single housing. Another aspect relates to coating a surface of a moving part in an exhaust system with an oxidation catalyst to mitigate fouling. Additional aspects of the invention relate to strategies for controlling one or more of the time to initiate a regeneration cycle, the time to terminate a regeneration cycle, and the reductant injection rate during regeneration of LNT/SCR exhaust treatment systems.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing engine idling time in a hybrid vehicle that includes a vehicle accessory and a hybrid powertrain having an engine, a generator operatively coupled to the engine, and an energy source. The method includes selectively powering the vehicle accessory using the energy source while the engine is not running, monitoring the energy source state of charge, selectively starting the engine when the energy source state of charge is less than or equal to a predetermined minimum state of charge, operating the engine driven generator to recharge the energy source to a predetermined maximum state of charge, and turning off the engine when the energy source state of charge is greater than or equal to the predetermined maximum state of charge. A hybrid electric vehicle power delivery system is also provided.

Abstract: One or more parameters for denitration or desulfations of a LNT is varied, whereby the saturation of NOx and/or SOx in the LNT is reduced to a lower level when an operating state makes the LNT otherwise less effective or places a greater demand for conversion efficiency on the LNT. The operating state can relate to whether the LNT is at the limit of its effective operating temperature range, a degree of poisoning, or an engine operating state. Selectively tolerating high degrees of sulfur poisoning or NOx saturation during periods of low exhaust flow allows the efficiency of denitrations and/or desulfations to be increased over a large portion of a vehicle's operating cycle, particularly when the engine uses a CVT. Another concept relates to a power generation system comprising an engine tuned to efficiently operate in a narrow speed range for all levels of power output.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a power generation system comprising an internal combustion engine that operates, generally by limiting the adiabatic flame temperature, to produce an engine exhaust that is low in NOx and particulate matter. The exhaust is treated by a fuel cell to remove organic compounds and CO while producing useful power. Another aspect of the invention relates to controlling the adiabatic flame temperature by EGR drawing from upstream of the fuel cell. A further aspect of the invention relates to treating engine exhaust with a reducing catalyst and then with a fuel cell. A still further aspect of the invention relates to treating exhaust with an intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell. A further aspect of the invention relates to a system equipped with a valve allowing exhaust to selectively bypass a fuel cell.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a clean power generation system in which an internal combustion engine is operated to produce shaft power and an exhaust stream. The exhaust stream is processed by a fuel cell. Fluctuations in power demand are met, at least in part, by increasing or decreasing power output from the fuel cell and/or power uptake or output from a power storage device. The engine can operate at a relatively constant rate, providing a steady exhaust stream, which facilitates pollution control and fuel cell operation. According to another aspect of the invention, the exhaust of an engine is treated with a fuel cell having an electrolyte that conducts protons. In addition to removing pollutants from the exhaust while generating useful power, the fuel cell can provide a supply of low acidity water. The water can be used in the fuel reformer.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates an exhaust treatment system having an SCR reactor following a NOx adsorber. Syn gas is used to regenerate the NOx adsorber. Another aspect relates to an LNT/SCR provided with an ammonia source separate from the LNT. A further aspect relates to a system comprising first and second LNTs and one or more SCRs downstream of the LNTs. A still further aspect relates to a device comprising first and second NOx adsorbers contained in a single housing. Another aspect relates to coating a surface of a moving part in an exhaust system with an oxidation catalyst to mitigate fouling. Additional aspects of the invention relate to strategies for controlling one or more of the time to initiate a regeneration cycle, the time to terminate a regeneration cycle, and the reductant injection rate during regeneration of LNT/SCR exhaust treatment systems.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing the systemic delivery of growth-arresting lipid-derived bioactive drugs or gene therapy agents to an animal or human in need of such agents utilizing nanoscale assembly systems, such as liposomes, resorbable and non-aggregating nanoparticle dispersions, metal or semiconductor nanoparticles, or polymeric materials such as dendrimers or hydrogels, each of which exhibit improved lipid solubility, cell permeability, an increased circulation half life and pharmacokinetic profile with improved tumor or vascular targeting.