Abstract: A unit cell for use in a phased array is provided. The unit cell includes: a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly comprising one or more PCB layers; a patch radiating element centrally disposed on a top surface of the PCB assembly; a plurality of EBG structures on the top surface of the PCB assembly, the EBG structures arranged around the patch radiating element, the EBG structures grounded in the PCB assembly; and a feed network embedded in the PCB assembly, the feed network in RF communication with the patch radiating element and for emitting or receiving an RF signal.

Abstract: An antenna system is provided. The antenna system includes a base structure, a transmission line, a ground plane, and a backfire antenna element. The transmission line extends from the base structure and is coupled to the base structure at a first end of the transmission line. The ground plane is coupled to the transmission line at a second end of the transmission line. The backfire antenna element extends between the ground plane and the base structure. The backfire antenna element is coupled to the second end of the TEM line.

Abstract: A surface for an antenna for use in discriminating between horizontal and vertical polarization components of a circularly polorized electromagnetic wave comprises at least one pair of dipoles, one of the dipoles of each pair of dipoles being adapted to receive one component of circular polarization and the other dipole of each pair of dipoles being adapted to receive the other component of circular polarization, and a transmission line extending between and electrically connecting the feed points of the dipoles of each pair of dipoles, whereby an incident circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is reflected when its two polarization components are incident upon their respective dipoles in phase and is transmitted when the its two components are incident upon their respective dipoles 180 electrical degrees out-of-phase.