Abstract: Spiral finned elliptical tube closed circuit coolers and evaporative refrigerant condensers in which the air flow entering the unit is directed to flow across the tubes in a direction that is parallel to the tube axes and generally perpendicular to the fins produce a completely unexpected gain in capacity of 25% compared to comparable units in which the air flow is directed across/perpendicular to the tube axes.

Abstract: Large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser having heat exchanger panels independently loaded into and supported in a heat exchange frame section. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of each heat exchanger panel for delivering steam to the bottom end of condenser tubes in the heat exchange panel and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables are drawn into the top bonnet from the condenser tubes. A steam distribution manifold is suspended from the heat exchange section frame perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange panels and beneath a center point of the heat exchange panels and delivers steam to each heat exchange panel via a single steam inlet located at a center point of each bottom bonnet.

Abstract: A large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of the heat exchanger bundle for delivering steam to the bottom end of the condenser tubes and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables flow into the top bonnet from the condenser tubes. Each cell of the ACC is fed by steam distribution manifold suspended from and directly below the bundle support framework.

Abstract: Large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser having heat exchanger bundles constructed with an integral secondary section positioned in the center of the heat exchanger, flanked by identical primary condenser sections. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of the heat exchanger bundle, connected to the bottom side of the bottom tube sheet, for delivering steam to the bottom end of the primary condenser tubes and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables flow into the top bonnet from the primary condenser tubes and flow toward the center of the heat exchanger bundle where they enter the top of the secondary condenser section tubes. Non-condensables and condensate formed in the secondary section tubes enter a secondary bottom bonnet inside the primary bottom bonnet and are withdrawn from the secondary bottom bonnet via outlet nozzle.

Abstract: A new heat exchange tube fin design in which a plurality of arrowhead shapes are pressed into or embossed onto each fin, the arrowhead shape defined by two intersecting wedge sections. The pressed arrowhead shapes are grouped into nested pairs, and one of the arrowheads in a pair is pressed as a positive relative to the fin plane and the other of the pair is pressed as a negative relative to the fin plane. The arrowhead pairs are placed in rows parallel to the air flow direction and arrowhead pairs in one row are preferably staggered relative to the arrowhead pairs in the adjacent row along the fin in the air flow direction.

Abstract: Large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser having heat exchanger panels independently loaded into and supported in a heat exchange frame section. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of each heat exchanger panel for delivering steam to the bottom end of condenser tubes in the heat exchange panel and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables are drawn into the top bonnet from the condenser tubes. A steam distribution manifold is suspended from the heat exchange section frame perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange panels and beneath a center point of the heat exchange panels and delivers steam to each heat exchange panel via a single steam inlet located at a center point of each bottom bonnet.

Abstract: Large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser having heat exchanger panels independently loaded into and supported in a heat exchange frame section. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of each heat exchanger panel for delivering steam to the bottom end of condenser tubes in the heat exchange panel and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables are drawn into the top bonnet from the condenser tubes. A steam distribution manifold is suspended from the heat exchange section frame perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange panels and beneath a center point of the heat exchange panels and delivers steam to each heat exchange panel via a single steam inlet located at a center point of each bottom bonnet.

Abstract: A large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser having heat exchanger panels independently loaded into and supported in a heat exchange frame section. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of each heat exchanger panel for delivering steam to the bottom end of condenser tubes in the heat exchange panel and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables are drawn into the top bonnet from the condenser tubes. A steam distribution manifold is suspended from the heat exchange section frame perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange panels and beneath a center point of the heat exchange panels and delivers steam to each heat exchange panel via a single steam inlet located at a center point of each bottom bonnet.

Abstract: A large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of the heat exchanger bundle for delivering steam to the bottom end of the condenser tubes and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables flow into the top bonnet from the condenser tubes. Each cell of the ACC is fed by steam distribution manifold suspended from and directly below the bundle support framework.

Abstract: Large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser having heat exchanger panels independently loaded into and supported in a heat exchange frame section. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of each heat exchanger panel for delivering steam to the bottom end of condenser tubes in the heat exchange panel and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables are drawn into the top bonnet from the condenser tubes. A steam distribution manifold is suspended from the heat exchange section frame perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange panels and beneath a center point of the heat exchange panels and delivers steam to each heat exchange panel via a single steam inlet located at a center point of each bottom bonnet.

Abstract: Large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser having heat exchanger bundles constructed with an integral secondary section positioned in the center of the heat exchanger, flanked by identical primary condenser sections. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of the heat exchanger bundle, connected to the bottom side of the bottom tube sheet, for delivering steam to the bottom end of the primary condenser tubes and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables flow into the top bonnet from the primary condenser tubes and flow toward the center of the heat exchanger bundle where they enter the top of the secondary condenser section tubes. Non-condensables and condensate formed in the secondary section tubes enter a secondary bottom bonnet inside the primary bottom bonnet and are withdrawn from the secondary bottom bonnet via outlet nozzle.

Abstract: A hybrid heat exchanger apparatus having a heat exchanger device with a hot fluid flowing therethrough includes a cooling water distribution system and an air flow mechanism for causing ambient air to flow across the heat exchanger device. The cooling water distribution system distributes evaporative cooling water onto the heat exchanger device to wet only a portion of the heat exchanger device while allowing a remaining portion of the heat exchanger device to be dry. The air flow mechanism causes ambient air to flow across the heat exchanger device to generate hot humid air from the ambient air flowing across the wet portion of the heat exchanger device and hot dry air from the ambient air flowing across the remaining dry portion of the heat exchanger device. Methods are also described.

Abstract: A new heat exchange tube fin design in which a plurality of arrowhead shapes are pressed into or embossed onto each fin, the arrowhead shape defined by two intersecting wedge sections. The pressed arrowhead shapes are grouped into nested pairs, and one of the arrowheads in a pair is pressed as a positive relative to the fin plane and the other of the pair is pressed as a negative relative to the fin plane. The arrowhead pairs are placed in rows parallel to the air flow direction and arrowhead pairs in one row are preferably staggered relative to the arrowhead pairs in the adjacent row along the fin in the air flow direction.

Abstract: A large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser having heat exchanger panels independently loaded into and supported in a heat exchange frame section. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of each heat exchanger panel for delivering steam to the bottom end of condenser tubes in the heat exchange panel and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables are drawn into the top bonnet from the condenser tubes. A steam distribution manifold is suspended from the heat exchange section frame perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange panels and beneath a center point of the heat exchange panels and delivers steam to each heat exchange panel via a single steam inlet located at a center point of each bottom bonnet.

Abstract: Large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of the heat exchanger bundle for delivering steam to the bottom end of the condenser tubes and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables flow into the top bonnet from the condenser tubes. Each cell of the ACC is fed by steam distribution manifold suspended from and directly below the bundle support framework.

Abstract: A new heat exchange tube fin design in which a plurality of arrowhead shapes are pressed into or embossed onto each fin, the arrowhead shape defined by two intersecting wedge sections. The pressed arrowhead shapes are grouped into nested pairs, and one of the arrowheads in a pair is pressed as a positive relative to the fin plane and the other of the pair is pressed as a negative relative to the fin plane. The arrowhead pairs are placed in rows parallel to the air flow direction and arrowhead pairs in one row are preferably staggered relative to the arrowhead pairs in the adjacent row along the fin in the air flow direction.

Abstract: Large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser having heat exchanger panels independently loaded into and supported in a heat exchange frame section. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of each heat exchanger panel for delivering steam to the bottom end of condenser tubes in the heat exchange panel and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables are drawn into the top bonnet from the condenser tubes. A steam distribution manifold is suspended from the heat exchange section frame perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange panels and beneath a center point of the heat exchange panels and delivers steam to each heat exchange panel via a single steam inlet located at a center point of each bottom bonnet.

Abstract: Spiral finned elliptical tube closed circuit coolers and evaporative refrigerant condensers in which the air flow entering the unit is directed to flow across the tubes in a direction that is parallel to the tube axes and generally perpendicular to the fins produce a completely unexpected gain in capacity of 25% compared to comparable units in which the air flow is directed across/perpendicular to the tube axes.

Abstract: Large scale field erected air cooled industrial steam condenser having heat exchanger bundles constructed with an integral secondary section positioned in the center of the heat exchanger, flanked by identical primary condenser sections. A bottom bonnet runs along the bottom length of the heat exchanger bundle, connected to the bottom side of the bottom tube sheet, for delivering steam to the bottom end of the primary condenser tubes and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to a top bonnet. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables flow into the top bonnet from the primary condenser tubes and flow toward the center of the heat exchanger bundle where they enter the top of the secondary condenser section tubes. Non-condensables and condensate formed in the secondary section tubes enter a secondary bottom bonnet inside the primary bottom bonnet and are withdrawn from the secondary bottom bonnet via outlet nozzle.

Abstract: Spiral finned elliptical tube closed circuit coolers and evaporative refrigerant condensers in which the air flow entering the unit is directed to flow across the tubes in a direction that is parallel to the tube axes and generally perpendicular to the fins produce a completely unexpected gain in capacity of 25% compared to comparable units in which the air flow is directed across/perpendicular to the tube axes.