Abstract: Viral infections in mammals can be treated and prophylactically prevented by systemic administration of ranpirnase and three other ribonucleases that are highly homologous with it and that have activities that are highly similar to it. Experimental results against rabies, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (“MERS-CoV”), influenza, Ebola virus, Chikungunya virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, canine parvovirus, adenovirus-2, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus-14, and vaccinia are disclosed.

Abstract: Viral infections in mammals can be treated and prophylactically prevented by systemic administration of ranpirnase and three other ribonucleases that are highly homologous with it and that have activities that are highly similar to it. Experimental results against Zika virus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (“MERS-CoV”), Chikungunya virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and rhinovirus-14 are disclosed.

Abstract: Viral infections in mammals can be treated and prophylactically prevented by systemic administration of ranpirnase and three other ribonucleases that are highly homologous with it and that have activities that are highly similar to it. Experimental results against rabies, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (“MERS-CoV”), influenza, Ebola virus, Chikungunya virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, canine parvovirus, adenovirus-2, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus-14, and vaccinia are disclosed.

Abstract: Host nucleic acids and host proteins that participate in viral infection, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A, and Ebola virus, have been identified. Interfering with or disrupting the interaction between a host nucleic acid or host protein and a virus or viral protein confers an inhibition of or resistance to infection. Thus, interfering with such an interaction in a host subject can confer a therapeutic or prophylactic effect against a virus. The sequences identified can be used to identify agents that reduce or inhibit viral infection.

Abstract: Host nucleic acids and host proteins that participate in viral infection, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A, and Ebola virus, have been identified. Interfering with or disrupting the interaction between a host nucleic acid or host protein and a virus or viral protein confers an inhibition of or resistance to infection. Thus, interfering with such an interaction in a host subject can confer a therapeutic or prophylactic effect against a virus. The sequences identified can be used to identify agents that reduce or inhibit viral infection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to crystalline Rab9 in complex with either GDP or the GTP analog Guanosine 5?-(?,?-imido) triphosphate (GppNHp), the three dimensional coordinates and structures of Rab9 in Rab9-GDP and Rab9-GppNHp complexes, and uses thereof for drug design. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for producing Rab9 crystals of sufficient quality to obtain a determination of the three dimensional structure of Rab9 to a high resolution in both its GTP-bound (on/active) and GDP-bound (off/inactive) conformations. The present invention also relates to a computer-readable medium encoded with the three dimensional coordinates of Rab9 in Rab9-GDP and Rab9-GppNHp complexes wherein, using a graphical display software program, the three dimensional coordinates create an electronic file that can be visualized on a computer capable of representing the electronic file as a three dimensional image.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method of inhibiting TNF in subjects comprising administering a TNF inhibiting amount of an extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim to a subject. In addition, the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting TNF in a cell line comprising administering to the cell line a TNF inhibiting amount of an extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim. Finally, the disclosure provides a method of treating a TNF mediated disorder in a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of an extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim to the subject.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method of inhibiting TNF in subjects comprising administering a TNF inhibiting amount of an extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim to a subject. In addition, the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting TNF in a cell line comprising administering to the cell line a TNF inhibiting amount of an extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim. Finally, the disclosure provides a method of treating a TNF mediated disorder in a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of an extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim to the subject.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of inhibiting TNF comprising administering a TNF-inhibiting amount of an extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim to a subject. Also, the present invention provides a method inhibiting TNF in a cell comprising administering to the cell a TNF inhibiting amount of an extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim. Finally, the invention provides a method of treating a TNF mediated disorder in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutic amount of an extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim to the subject.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of modulating the immune system. Also provided is a method of treating a pathology associated with increased levels of a tumor necrosis factor. The invention further provides a method of treating a pathology resulting from infection by human immunodeficiency virus. Also provided is a method of treating chronic graft vs. host disease. Finally, the invention provides a method of promoting wound healing in a subject.