Abstract: A drum-type dosing apparatus is for producing individual dosing quantities of a pulverulent product. The drum-type dosing apparatus includes a product store which is arranged in a filling position, a dosing drum and also a rotary drive for the dosing drum. The dosing drum has circumferentially distributed dosing openings. At least two dosing openings spaced apart from one another in a circumferential direction of the dosing drum are combined to form a joint dosing portion. The rotary drive is configured for stepwise rotation of the dosing drum about an axis of rotation such that an individual dosing portion with the associated dosing openings ends up located, over the course of a cycle, at least in the filling position and in a discharging position.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling optical power levels in an optical communications network are provided. In one embodiment, a system comprises means for demodulating one or more radio frequency communications signals from a modulated optical signal, wherein the means for demodulating measures an optical power level of the modulated optical signal; means for comparing the measured optical power level to one or more reference set points; means for transmitting a feedback signal, wherein the feedback signal is based on the difference between the measured optical power level and the one or more reference set points; and means for attenuating the modulated optical signal based on the feedback signal.