Abstract: In a leadthrough for an electrical high voltage conductor through a wall which separates a process area from an ambient area, comprising a body of a dielectric high voltage resistant material, two axially adjacent geometric base structures are provided, a cylinder and a truncated cone having a smaller diameter end adjacent the cylinder so that the cylinder has a radial annular surface area adjacent the truncated cone, and the cylinder includes axially extending gas supply bores arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the cylinder and having exit openings at the radial annular face of the cylinder such that gas supplied to the gas supply bores at the ambient area end of the cylinder is discharged from the gas supply bores onto the outer surface of the truncated cone to form a gas envelope around the truncated cone.

Abstract: A tubular collector for precipitating electrically loaded aerosols from a gas stream stands vertically in a gas stream duct. The stream flows upwards in the section. The tubular collector includes at least one group of pipe bundle which extends at the most over the internal width of the duct and including at least one dimensionally stable pipe bundle whose lower side or side that faces the flow rests on a grating or perforated metal sheet connected to an electric reference potential. At least the top side or side away from the stream of a group of pipe bundles is uniformly sprayed with rinsing liquid. The pipes of a group of pipe bundles are held apart by spacers so that the stream flows over their outer and inner sides. The pipes of a group of pipe bundles are identical and have different adjustment heights. The pipes have such a length that at least when a turbulent flow enters one pipe, a laminar gas stream is formed downstream.

Abstract: In an aerosol separator for removing dust particle and droplet aerosols from a flow of contaminated gases, comprising an essentially vertical channel section through which the contaminated gas (exhaust gas) is conducted upwardly, and into which an easily vaporizable liquid is sprayed, in finely divided droplets, a densely packed tube bundle of essentially identical straight tubes consisting of a process-suitable inert material is arranged supported on a perforated conical support structure such that moisture contained in the gas flow is deposited on the inner and outer tube surfaces and flows downwardly counter to the gas flow through the tube bundle and is collected in a gutter mounted to the inner wall of the tube bundle at the bottom end thereof for conducting the condensed liquid together with the contamination of the gas out of the aerosol separator.

Abstract: In a leadthrough for an electrical high voltage conductor through a wall which separates a process area from an ambient area, comprising a body of a dielectric high voltage resistant material, two axially adjacent geometric base structures are provided, a cylinder and a truncated cone having a smaller diameter end adjacent the cylinder so that the cylinder has a radial annular surface area adjacent the truncated cone, and the cylinder includes axially extending gas supply bores arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the cylinder and having exit openings at the radial annular face of the cylinder such that gas supplied to the gas supply bores at the ambient area end of the cylinder is discharged from the gas supply bores onto the outer surface of the truncated cone to form a gas envelope around the truncated cone.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas cleaning system, a built-in cleaning section is embodied as an upright U, in which a first leg includes an ionizing zone to ionize particles or aerosols carried in the gas. The gas flows from above into the first leg and downward in a direction of gravity through the ionizing zone. A second leg includes a collector to separate the particles or aerosols from the gas flow, which flows into and through the collector in a direction from below and upward, counter to the direction of gravity. A spraying device is mounted above the collector to rinse the collector. A transition from the first to the second leg includes a connecting zone including a container to collect the particles or aerosols separated of the gas, which container includes a discharge pipe disposed at a lowest point of the container to discharge the liquid enriched with the particles.

Abstract: A marking catheter made out of a flexible material and having a closed distal end and an open proximal end is provided. The marking catheter is sized and shaped to fit over the probe of a frameless stereotaxy system. One or more marking catheters may be positioned using the frameless stereotaxy system to define accurately an area identified in pre-operative imaging. For example, a plurality of marking catheters may be used to define physically the margins of a brain lesion. The brain lesion may then be removed to expose the positioned catheters, thereby assuring complete and effective lesion removal. The flexible catheters will move with any brain-shift occurring during lesion removal, thereby to maintain an accurate indication of the lesion margin.

Abstract: A tubular collector for precipitating electrically loaded aerosols from a gas stream stands vertically in a gas stream duct. The stream flows upwards in said section. The tubular collector comprises at least one group of pipe bundle which extends at the most over the internal width of the duct and comprising at least one dimensionally stable pipe bundle whose lower side or side that faces the flow rests on a grating or perforated metal sheet connected to an electric reference potential. At least the top side or side away from the stream of a group of pipe bundles is uniformly sprayed with rinsing liquid. The pipes of a group of pipe bundles are held apart by spacers so that the stream flows over their outer and inner sides. The pipes of a group of pipe bundles are identical and have different adjustment heights. The pipes have such a length that at least when a turbulent flow enters one pipe, a laminar gas stream is formed downstream.

Abstract: In an ionizer of an exhaust gas ionization system for ionizing moisture-laden gases in a channel comprising a nozzle plate having circular nozzle openings through which the gases are conducted, a high voltage electrode support grid arranged downstream of the nozzle plate and having electrode pins extending toward the nozzle openings and carrying at their free ends star structures with a number of tips projecting radially toward the circumference of the nozzle openings and being electrically charged for ionizing the moisture laden gases flowing through the nozzle openings past the star structures, the nozzle openings are sufficiently large to cause the gas flow to be slow enough to permit water to flow down along the walls of the nozzle openings against the upward flow of the gases through the nozzle openings.

Abstract: In an aerosol separator for removing dust particle and droplet aerosols from a flow of contaminated gases, comprising an essentially vertical channel section through which the contaminated gas (exhaust gas) is conducted upwardly, and into which an easily vaporizable liquid is sprayed, in finely divided droplets, a densely packed tube bundle of essentially identical straight tubes consisting of a process-suitable inert material is arranged supported on a perforated conical support structure such that moisture contained in the gas flow is deposited on the inner and outer tube surfaces and flows downwardly counter to the gas flow through the tube bundle and is collected in a gutter mounted to the inner wall of the tube bundle at the bottom end thereof for conducting the condensed liquid together with the contamination of the gas out of the aerosol separator.

Abstract: In an ionizer of an exhaust gas ionization system for ionizing moisture-laden gases in a channel comprising a nozzle plate having circular nozzle openings through which the gases are conducted, a high voltage electrode support grid arranged downstream of the nozzle plate and having electrode pins extending toward the nozzle openings and carrying at their free ends star structures with a number of tips projecting radially toward the circumference of the nozzle openings and being electrically charged for ionizing the moisture laden gases flowing through the nozzle openings past the star structures, the nozzle openings are sufficiently large to cause the gas flow to be slow enough to permit water to flow down along the walls of the nozzle openings against the upward flow of the gases through the nozzle openings.

Abstract: In an apparatus for the purification of a gas which apparatus includes a three section conduit with an ionization and cleaning section in which particles contained in water-saturated air are ionized and then conducted through a chamber with grounded walls so that part of the particles are deposited on these walls, an additional cleaning section which includes grounded tubes past which the gas is conducted to remove additional charged particles and a filter section in which dry remaining fine particles are removed from the gas stream, the deposited particles are flushed from all three sections and the flushing water including the particles is cleaned and recycled.

Abstract: In an apparatus for the purification of a gas which apparatus comprises three-conduit section, that is,