Abstract: A method and systems for controlling optical transmissivity of a polish pad material are provided. The method and systems may include adjusting control parameters to determine the optical transmissivity of a polish pad material. The control parameters may also include pre-processing controls, casting controls, and/or curing controls. Methods and systems also provided for assembling a polish pad that controls the optical transmissivity of the polish pad. Additionally, a polish pad with a controlled optical transmissivity is provided.

Abstract: A method for making a polishing pad includes rotating a cylinder about a central axis. The cylinder encloses in an interior space a polymer mixture. The method also includes forming the polishing pad from at least some of a polymer formed after the polymer mixture has gelled. The rotating of the cylinder may be continued until the polymer has cured. The method may include forming at least two distinct layers in the polishing pad by casting and gelling sequentially at least two different polymer mixtures. A system for manufacturing a polishing pad includes a centrifugal caster adapted to rotate. A polishing pad made by a method is provided.

Abstract: A method for making a multilayer polishing pad includes rotating a cylinder about a central axis. The cylinder encloses in an interior space a single polymer mixture that phase separates under centrifugal force. The method also includes forming the polishing pad from at least some of a polymer formed after the polymer mixture has reacted. The method includes forming at least two distinct layers in the polishing pad by casting and gelling sequentially at least two different polymers.

Abstract: A method and systems for controlling optical transmissivity of a polish pad material are provided. The method and systems may include adjusting control parameters to determine the optical transmissivity of a polish pad material. The control parameters may also include pre-processing controls, casting controls, and/or curing controls. Methods and systems also provided for assembling a polish pad that controls the optical transmissivity of the polish pad. Additionally, a polish pad with a controlled optical transmissivity is provided.

Abstract: A method and systems for controlling optical transmissivity of a polish pad material are provided. The method and systems may include adjusting control parameters to determine the optical transmissivity of a polish pad material. The control parameters may also include pre-processing controls, casting controls, and/or curing controls. Methods and systems also provided for assembling a polish pad that controls the optical transmissivity of the polish pad. Additionally, a polish pad with a controlled optical transmissivity is provided.

Abstract: A method and systems for controlling optical transmissivity of a polish pad material are provided. The method and systems may include adjusting control parameters to determine the optical transmissivity of a polish pad material. The control parameters may also include pre-processing controls, casting controls, and/or curing controls. Methods and systems also provided for assembling a polish pad that controls the optical transmissivity of the polish pad. Additionally, a polish pad with a controlled optical transmissivity is provided.

Abstract: A method and systems for controlling optical transmissivity of a polish pad material are provided. The method and systems may include adjusting control parameters to determine the optical transmissivity of a polish pad material. The control parameters may also include pre-processing controls, casting controls, and/or curing controls. Methods and systems also provided for assembling a polish pad that controls the optical transmissivity of the polish pad. Additionally, a polish pad with a controlled optical transmissivity is provided.

Abstract: A method for making a multilayer polishing pad includes rotating a cylinder about a central axis. The cylinder encloses in an interior space a single polymer mixture that phase separates under centrifugal force. The method also includes forming the polishing pad from at least some of a polymer formed after the polymer mixture has reacted. The method includes forming at least two distinct layers in the polishing pad by casting and gelling sequentially at least two different polymers.

Abstract: A method for making a polishing pad includes rotating a cylinder about a central axis. The cylinder encloses in an interior space a polymer precursor. The method also includes forming the polishing pad from at least some of a polymer formed after the polymer precursor has cured. The rotating of the cylinder may be continued until the polymer has cured. The method may include forming at least two distinct layers in the polishing pad by casting and curing sequentially at least two different polymer precursors. A system for manufacturing a polishing pad includes a centrifugal caster adapted to rotate. A polishing pad made by a method is provided.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention includes an apparatus for scrubbing substrates such as a roller scrubber. According to one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a scrubbing medium having an axial bore and a mandrel having a section disposed through the axial bore of the scrubbing medium. The mandrel is configured so that it exerts an adjustable axial compression on the scrubbing medium. According to another embodiment, the apparatus comprises a roller scrubber. The roller scrubber comprises a scrubbing medium comprising a plurality of discrete disks having a center hole. The disks are disposed side by side so that the center holes form an axial bore in the scrubbing medium. The combined outer edges of the plurality of disks form a scrubbing surface of the roller scrubber.

Abstract: An octagonal shaped foldable box having a flap locking system. The foldable box includes: eight sidewall sections; a pair of opposing locking flaps extending from two of the eight sidewall sections, each opposing locking flap having a generally trapezoidal shaped tab cut therein for locking a first opposed locking flap with a second opposed locking flap; and a pair of opposing interior flaps, wherein each opposing interior flap extends from three of the eight sidewall sections, and wherein each opposing interior flap includes a first and a second flap edge, and each flap edge includes a fold-over region for forming a sealed corner with two sidewall sections.

Abstract: The invention provides a foldable box design having a box flap locking system, comprising: a first flap having an edge with a generally trapezoidal shaped tab cut therein, wherein said generally trapezoidal shaped tab is defined by two inwardly projecting grooves; and a second flap that locks with the first flap, wherein the second flap includes an edge with a second generally trapezoidal shaped tab cut therein, and wherein said second generally trapezoidal shaped tab is defined by two outwardly projecting grooves.

Abstract: The invention provides a foldable box design having a box flap locking system, comprising: a first flap having an edge with a generally trapezoidal shaped tab cut therein, wherein said generally trapezoidal shaped tab is defined by two inwardly projecting grooves; and a second flap that locks with the first flap, wherein the second flap includes an edge with a second generally trapezoidal shaped tab cut therein, and wherein said second generally trapezoidal shaped tab is defined by two outwardly projecting grooves.

Abstract: An octagonal shaped foldable box having a flap locking system. The foldable box includes: eight sidewall sections; a pair of opposing locking flaps extending from two of the eight sidewall sections, each opposing locking flap having a generally trapezoidal shaped tab cut therein for locking a first opposed locking flap with a second opposed locking flap; and a pair of opposing interior flaps, wherein each opposing interior flap extends from three of the eight sidewall sections, and wherein each opposing interior flap includes a first and a second flap edge, and each flap edge includes a fold-over region for forming a sealed corner with two sidewall sections.

Abstract: A lift van system that includes: a top and bottom cap, each comprising a folded sheet, wherein each folded sheet has substantially similar design specifications; first and second side wall sections, each comprising a single sheet, wherein the first and second side wall sections have substantially similar design specifications; and a cardboard pallet, wherein the pallet fits into the bottom cap.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical dosage forms with external or internal features to complicate counterfeiting and support authentication are described. External features include surface texture, surface markings defined by patterns of physical or chemical markers, or complex interlocking shapes. Internal features also include physical or chemical markers in two or three-dimensional patterns observable after sectioning, or after breaking along designed fracture lines. Methods of manufacture using solid freeform fabrication (SFF) techniques such as three-dimensional printing (3DP) are described. Method of authentication using dosage form patterns and batch codes are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides a foldable box design having a box flap locking system, comprising: a first flap having an edge with a generally trapezoidal shaped tab cut therein, wherein said generally trapezoidal shaped tab is defined by two inwardly projecting grooves; and a second flap that locks with the first flap, wherein the second flap includes an edge with a second generally trapezoidal shaped tab cut therein, and wherein said second generally trapezoidal shaped tab is defined by two outwardly projecting grooves.

Abstract: The following is a description of a stacked pad 15 for chemical mechanical polishing and/or planarizing substrates. In one embodiment, the stacked pad includes a top pad 20 and a subpad 40 where the modulus of the top pad 20 substantially equals the modulus of the subpad 40. Also presented are methods of using the stacked pad 15 which include methods of chemical mechanical polishing and/or planarization, and products of using the stacked pad.

Abstract: The invention includes biostructures which may be characterized as having substantially all of the organic-solvent-soluble material in the form of a network of irregularly shaped perforated films. The biostructure may further include particles of a substantially-insoluble material, which may be a member of the calcium phosphate family. The biostructure may be osteoconductive. The biostructure may further contain an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient or other bioactive substance. The API may be a substance which stimulates the production of bone morphogenetic protein, such as Lovastatin or related substances, thereby making the biostructure effectively osteoinductive. One or more of the polymers may have a resorption rate in the human body such as to control the release of the API. Methods of manufacture are also disclosed.