Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of making carbon foams. In some embodiments, the methods comprise: (a) dissolving a carbon source in a superacid to form a solution; (b) placing the solution in a mold; and (c) coagulating the carbon source in the mold. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure further comprise a step of washing the coagulated carbon source. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure further comprise a step of lyophilizing the coagulated carbon source. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure further comprise a step of drying the coagulated carbon source. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure also include steps of infiltrating the formed carbon foams with nanoparticles or polymers. Further embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to the carbon foams formed by the aforementioned methods.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of forming cross-linked carbon materials by: (a) associating a sulfur source with carbon materials, where the sulfur source comprises sulfur atoms; and (b) initiating a chemical reaction, where the chemical reaction leads to the formation of covalent linkages between the carbon materials. In some embodiments, the covalent linkages between the carbon materials comprise covalent bonds between sulfur atoms of the sulfur source and carbon atoms of the carbon materials. In some embodiments, the chemical reactions occur in the absence of solvents while carbon materials are immobilized in solid state. In some embodiments, the carbon materials include carbon nanotube fibers. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure also include a step of doping carbon materials with a dopant, such as iodine. Further embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to cross-linked carbon materials formed in accordance with the above methods.

Abstract: A tool adaptable for use with a power drill for the duel purpose of sanding and cutting a work piece without changing tools. The tool includes two components, one for cutting and one for abrading, which are reduced in diameter as required in order to provide suitable cutting and abrading surfaces for future use.

Abstract: An astronomical optical simulator made of a tubular body with an eyepiece at one end and a light source at the other with a slot in the tubular member to receive an opaque disk having openings distributed to simulate an array of astronomical bodies. The openings modify and pass light from the source giving the impression of an array of astronomical objects to an observer looking into the eyepiece.