Abstract: An arrangement for a vehicle roof has a roof element designed to be coupled to the vehicle roof and to provide a predetermined functionality. The arrangement further has a thread-free film element which is formed by calendering and is coupled to the roof element such that the predetermined functionality is obtained.

Abstract: A method includes, in connection with a submission of a user's coursework in an online education course event, prompting the user to provide authentication information for a user authentication process, which includes any of (1) a social network account login authentication process, (2) comparing a geolocation of the first communication device on which the online education course is presented and a previously registered geolocation, (3) comparing the geolocation of the first communication device and a geolocation of a second communication device associated with the user, and (4) a personalized challenge-response authentication process. The method further includes comparing the authentication information received from the user to stored information associated with the user, and issuing a verified credential to the user based on the comparing and on completion of the user's coursework.