Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a densified wood article comprising vacuum impregnating a porous low-density type of wood with a specified aqueous phenolformaldehyde resin composition and pressing. The invention also relates to a densified wood article obtainable by the process having a low set-recovery. The invention further relates to the use of an aqueous phenol-formaldehyde resin composition for impregnation of wood for impregnating wood in a process for the manufacture of densified wood articles and to the use densified wood articles in high value-added applications like flooring or furniture and for machine tooling applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for carrying out reactions with participation of carbocations, whereby the initial most strongly exothermic phase of the reaction is carried out at high temperature (60 to 120° C.) and short residence time (1 to 30 seconds) in a microreactor and the subsequent less exothermic phases are carried out at optionally lower temperatures in two or more residence time units with longer residence times (1 to 30 seconds).

Abstract: A method for producing compounds of formula (I) in which the radical R1 is selected from —NH2, —NH2-zAz, and monovalent alkyl and aryl radicals, the radicals A are selected in each case independently of one another from the phosphoryl radicals DOPO-, DPhPO- and DPhOPO-, and the indices x, y and z, in each case independently of one another, stand for 0 or 1, wherein at least one of the indices is ?0, by reacting, in a first step, melamine or, when R1 is an alkyl or aryl radical, the corresponding alkyl or aryl guanamine, with one or more of the corresponding phosphinyl chlorides DOP-CI, DPhP-Cl and DPhOP-CI, in order to bond one or more phosphinyl radicals to the amino groups(s) of the melamine or guanamine, and in a second step oxidizing the phosphinyl radical(s) by reaction with an oxidizing agent to give the corresponding phosphoryl radical(s).

Abstract: A method for producing compounds of formula (I) in which the radical R1 is selected from —NH2, —NH2-z Az, and monovalent alkyl and aryl radicals, the radicals A are selected in each case independently of one another from the phosphoryl radicals DOPO—, DPhPO— and DPhOPO—, and the indices x, y and z, in each case independently of one another, stand for 0 or 1, wherein at least one of the indices is ?0, by reacting, in a first step, melamine or, when R1 is an alkyl or aryl radical, the corresponding alkyl or aryl guanamine, with one or more of the corresponding phosphinyl chlorides DOP—CI, DPhP—Cl and DPhOP—CI, in order to bond one or more phosphinyl radicals to the amino groups(s) of the melamine or guanamine, and in a second step oxidising the phsophinyl radical(s) by reaction with an oxidising agent to give the corresponding phosphoryl radical(s).

Abstract: A traditional refrigeration system including a compressor, condenser and evaporator and expansion valve that utilizes an additional sub-cooler downstream of the condenser for cooling liquid refrigerant prior to the refrigerant being provided to the evaporator for increased system efficiency. The sub-cooler can utilize existing groundwater, particularly water with a large amount of dissolved materials such as naturally occurring sea water, to provide for the sub-cooling effect with only a modicum of additional energy use.

Abstract: The invention relates to ammonium salts of 9,10-dihydro-10-hydroxy-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-one or -10-oxide (DOPO-OH) of formula I: wherein X is selected from ammonia, melamine, and guanidine, as well as ring-opened hydrolyzates thereof according to the following formula II: wherein X is defined as above.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for carrying out reactions with participation of carbocations, whereby the initial most strongly exothermic phase of the reaction is carried out at high temperature (60 to 120° C.) and short residence time (1 to 30 seconds) in a microreactor and the subsequent less exothermic phases are carried out at optionally lower temperatures in two or more residence time units with longer residence times (1 to 30 seconds).

Abstract: A double block valve and a valve proving system are disclosed. The double block valve is actuated by a single actuator and includes a valve body housing a cavity. The cavity defines an upstream portion with a fluid inlet and a downstream portion with a fluid outlet. A seating assembly is interposed between the upstream and the downstream portions. A first and a second blocking element are disposed in the valve body and are both movable within the cavity between opened and closed positions. With the first and second blocking elements both contacting the seating assembly, the space therebetween defines an enclosed space with a finite volume. The proving system is used for two safety shut-off valves on a valve train, such as a double block valve. The proving system connects to an enclosed space established between the two safety shut-off valves and includes a pair of three-way valves, oppositely biased pressure switches, and a pump, all of which are interconnected through pneumatic conduits.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted pyridine N-oxide compounds of the formula in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each H, a carboxyl group or a C1-C12-alkyl radical which may contain atoms from the group of N, O and S, or R1 and R2 and/or R3 and R4 together may each form an optionally substituted C4-C20-alkylene radical which may contain atoms from the group of N, O and S, A is benzyl or a (CH2)m group where m may be an integer from 1 to 12, Z1 and Z2 are each independently O or S, and Y is H, a C1-C12-alkyl radical which may optionally contain atoms from the group of N, O and S, a C6-C20-aryl radical or a C5-C20-heterocycle, and the radicals may optionally be substituted, or Z2 and Y together form an optionally substituted ring or ring system, in which case the ring or ring system may contain atoms from the group of N, O and S, from the corresponding 4-halopyridine N-oxide of the formula in which X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, by reacting the compound of the formula (II)

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted pyridine N-oxide compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: A double block valve and a valve proving system are disclosed. The double block valve is actuated by a single actuator and includes a valve body housing a cavity. The cavity defines an upstream portion with a fluid inlet and a downstream portion with a fluid outlet. A seating assembly is interposed between the upstream and the downstream portions. A first and a second blocking element are disposed in the valve body and are both movable within the cavity between opened and closed positions. With the first and second blocking elements both contacting the seating assembly, the space therebetween defines an enclosed space with a finite volume. The proving system is used for two safety shut-off valves on a valve train, such as a double block valve. The proving system connects to an enclosed space established between the two safety shut-off valves and includes a pair of three-way valves, oppositely biased pressure switches, and a pump, all of which are interconnected through pneumatic conduits.