Abstract: The invention relates to a brake device and a machine which comprises said brake device, wherein: the brake device comprises an actuator (04), a transmission an expander device, a brake lining (063) and a frictional surface; the actuator (04) moves in a limited actuator actuation region; in at least part of its actuator actuation region, the actuator (04) turns the expander device about at least one fulcrum via the transmission, in at least part of its actuator actuation region, for the purpose of braking, the actuator (04) presses the brake lining (063), via the expander device, in the direction of and onto the frictional surface to generate a pressing force and a braking torque resulting therefrom; the transmission has a non-linearity (03), i.e. a non-consistent transmission ratio, over at least part of the actuator actuation region; and the transmission turns the expander device in accordance with the non-linearity (03).

Abstract: A transverse cutting roller 1 for the transverse cutting of a flat product moving in a transport direction, in particular a viscous foodstuff, such as industrially produced cheese 14, wherein a transverse cutting blade 3, which bridges the product, which is intended to be cut, transversely to the transport direction, is held on a carrier shaft 2 by a plurality of axially spaced blade carriers 4 mounted on the carrier shaft 2, wherein each blade carrier has at least one carrier element 7, which extends radially outward with respect to the rotational axis A of the carrier shaft 2 when the blade carrier 4 is installed, wherein provided on the outer end of each carrier element 7 is a blade attachment section 5, on which the strip-type blade is detachably attached so as to be radially spaced from the carrier shaft 2.

Abstract: A transverse cutting roller 1 for the transverse cutting of a flat product moving in a transport direction, in particular a viscous foodstuff, such as industrially produced cheese 14, wherein a transverse cutting blade 3, which bridges the product, which is intended to be cut, transversely to the transport direction, is held on a carrier shaft 2 by a plurality of axially spaced blade carriers 4 mounted on the carrier shaft 2, wherein each blade carrier has at least one carrier element 7, which extends radially outward with respect to the rotational axis A of the carrier shaft 2 when the blade carrier 4 is installed, wherein provided on the outer end of each carrier element 7 is a blade attachment section 5, on which the strip-type blade is detachably attached so as to be radially spaced from the carrier shaft 2.

Abstract: Miniaturized spectrometer in the form of a probe for determining ingredients of a gaseous or liquid fluid with a light source and a spectrometer, at least one measurement beam, and at least one reference beam. Light from the light source is optionally fanned out and focused, by at least one optical lens, in an essentially parallel beam. At least one measurement beam is passed through a light transparent window from the probe into the fluid being investigated and through an additional light transparent window back in to the probe, and at least one reference beam is guided in the probe interior. A collecting optics device, comprising at least one lens, diverts the beams to the impingement point of the light guide or the inlet of the spectrometer, and a beam selector in the area of the collecting optics device passes through one of the partial beams and interrupts all the others.

Abstract: The invention concerns a miniaturized spectrometer, especially in the form of a probe, for determination of the ingredients of a gaseous or liquid fluid with a light source (3) and a spectrometer (2), at least one measurement beam and at least one reference beam.