Abstract: A hydrodynamic machine comprising: a toroidal working chamber including a first bladed wheel and a second bladed wheel arranged concentrically with the first bladed wheel; and an electrohydraulic system including an open loop unit and a and closed loop control unit, a working medium accumulator, a pump operable to pump a working medium from the working medium accumulator into the toroidal working chamber, a heat exchanger, a valve operable to switch between a first position, the first position being a non-braking position, and a second position, the second position being a braking position, and a line system operable to allow the pump to pump the working medium in both the first position and the second position into the working chamber.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic machine for producing a braking torque, the hydrodynamic machine comprising: a toroidal working chamber including a first bladed wheel and a second bladed wheel arranged concentrically with the first bladed wheel; and a hydraulic system including an open loop and closed loop control unit, a working medium accumulator, a line system, a pump operable to produce a volume flow circulation of a working medium through the line system and the toroidal working chamber, a heat exchanger, and a pressure control valve operable to control or adjust the baking performance or the braking torque.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic machine for producing a braking torque, the hydrodynamic machine comprising: a toroidal working chamber including a first bladed wheel and a second bladed wheel arranged concentrically with the first bladed wheel; and a hydraulic system including an open loop and closed loop control unit, a working medium accumulator, a line system, a pump operable to produce a volume flow circulation of a working medium through the line system and the toroidal working chamber, a heat exchanger, and a pressure control valve operable to control or adjust the baking performance or the braking torque.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic machine comprising: a toroidal working chamber including a first bladed wheel and a second bladed wheel arranged concentrically with the first bladed wheel; and an electrohydraulic system including an open loop unit and a and closed loop control unit, a working medium accumulator, a pump operable to pump a working medium from the working medium accumulator into the toroidal working chamber, a heat exchanger, a valve operable to switch between a first position, the first position being a non-braking position, and a second position, the second position being a braking position, and a line system operable to allow the pump to pump the working medium in both the first position and the second position into the working chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an in vitro method for inducing a conformational transition in proteins, whereas said conformational transition results in an increased content of &bgr;-sheet secondary structure, the method comprising the steps of: