Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode arrangement (10) for electrochemically treating a liquid. The electrode arrangement (10) has two electrodes (2), each of which has at least one electrode surface (4) and at least one through-flow chamber (34) with at least one inlet (22) and at least one outlet (24). The at least one through-flow chamber (34) is delimited on at least one first face by at least one electrode (2) which has a structure (8) on its electrode surface (4) such that a distance between the electrode surface (4) and a second through-flow chamber (34) face lying opposite the first face is varied.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for electrochemically producing electrolyzed water in an electrode arrangement (10) which has an anode chamber and a cathode chamber that are separated by an ion-selective membrane (30). The anode chamber is delimited on at least one side by at least one anode (2), and the cathode chamber is delimited on at least one side by at least one cathode (2). In the method: a) water, in particular distilled water or ultra purified water, in which an electrolyte is located, is conducted through the anode chamber, b) water, in particular distilled water or ultra purified water, is conducted through the cathode chamber, c) the water, in particular the distilled water or the ultra-purified water, is mixed and in particular set into a turbulent flow in the anode chamber and/or cathode chamber, and d) an electric voltage is applied to the anode and the cathode such that electrolyzed water is produced in the cathode chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode arrangement (10) for electrochemically treating a liquid. The electrode arrangement (10) has two electrodes (2), each of which has at least one electrode surface (4) and at least one through-flow chamber (34) with at least one inlet (22) and at least one outlet (24). The at least one through-flow chamber (34) is delimited on at least one first face by at least one electrode (2) which has a structure (8) on its electrode surface (4) such that a distance between the electrode surface (4) and a second through-flow chamber (34) face lying opposite the first face is varied.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for electrochemically producing electrolyzed water in an electrode arrangement (10) which has an anode chamber and a cathode chamber that are separated by an ion-selective membrane (30). The anode chamber is delimited on at least one side by at least one anode (2), and the cathode chamber is delimited on at least one side by at least one cathode (2). In the method: a) water, in particular distilled water or ultra purified water, in which an electrolyte is located, is conducted through the anode chamber, b) water, in particular distilled water or ultra purified water, is conducted through the cathode chamber, c) the water, in particular the distilled water or the ultra-purified water, is mixed and in particular set into a turbulent flow in the anode chamber and/or cathode chamber, and d) an electric voltage is applied to the anode and the cathode such that electrolyzed water is produced in the cathode chamber.

Abstract: A diamond layer can be applied stably onto a graphite substrate in a CVD process when the graphite substrate is subjected to the following pretreatment steps before the CVD process: fine cleaning of the surface in a vacuum at a temperature >500° C., preferably >800° C., in an etching gas atmosphere, mechanical removal of loose particles, seeding of the substrate surface with very small diamond particles and at least one degassing treatment in a vacuum to remove adsorbed hydrocarbons and adsorbed air at a temperature T>500° C., preferably T>700° C.

Abstract: Diamond electrodes with improved adhesion of the diamond layer to the electrode are produced by sandblasting a surface of the electrode body, and then non-oxidatively etching the roughened (sandblasted) surface so as to remove at least 5 ?m of material from under the roughened surface. By removing at least 5 ?m of material, the sand particulates in the surface of the electrode body are eliminated, and damage in the form of cracks in the electrode body which result from sandblasting is reduced or eliminated, and further, a surface metal oxide coating is not created. All of these contribute to preparing a surface where spalling of the diamond layer is less likely to occur. Concentrated phosphoric acid is an exemplary non-oxidative etchant used in the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode assembly for the electrochemical treatment of liquids with a low conductivity. Said assembly comprises electrodes (1, 2), between which a polymer solid electrolyte (3) is situated. The electrodes are pressed against one another by means of a compression device (9, 10; 91) and are configured in such a way that the assembly can be traversed by the liquid. To produce said assembly simply and to ensure that it is flexible and easy to use, the compression device (9, 10; 91) is supported on the electrodes (1, 2).

Abstract: A process for producing a diamond electrode, comprising the following process steps roughening the surface of the electrode body by sand blasting, etching the roughened surface, and building up the diamond layer on the electrode body, results in improved adhesion of the diamond layer to the electrode body by virtue of non-oxidative etching of the electrode body being performed in such a way that more than 5 ?m of the material of the electrode body under the roughened surface is removed.

Abstract: A diamond layer can be applied stably onto a graphite substrate in a CVD process when the graphite substrate is subjected to the following pretreatment steps before the CVD process: fine cleaning of the surface in a vacuum at a temperature >500° C., preferably >800° C., in an etching gas atmosphere, mechanical removal of loose particles, seeding of the substrate surface with very small diamond particles and at least one degassing treatment in a vacuum to remove adsorbed hydrocarbons and adsorbed air at a temperature T>500° C., preferably T>700° C.

Abstract: A system for the disinfecting of low-conductivity liquids, in particular water, is provided. The system includes an electrochemical cell in which electrodes are arranged such that the liquid flushes or flows around them, and in which oxidizing agents are produced from the liquid by applying a current. A mixing unit is mounted downstream of the electrochemical cell in the flow direction, in which mixing unit the oxidizing agents are intermixed with the liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode assembly for the electrochemical treatment of liquids with a low conductivity. Said assembly comprises electrodes (1, 2), between which a polymer solid electrolyte (3) is situated. The electrodes are pressed against one another by means of a compression device (9, 10; 91) and are configured in such a way that the assembly can be traversed by the liquid To produce said assembly simply and to ensure that it is flexible and easy to use, the compression device (9, 10; 91) is supported on the electrodes (1, 2).

Abstract: In a method for the treatment of an object made of silicon or an inorganic, optionally organically modified, silicon compound, an oxidizing agent is prepared by electrolysis of an aqueous solution in an electrolysis device. The anode of the electrolysis device is a silicon electrode. The anode has an overvoltage for oxygen so that upon electrolysis of water the formation of hydrogen peroxide is preferred over that of oxygen. The aqueous solution used in electrolysis contains at least one reactive component or a constituent that is converted by electrolysis of the solution into a reactive component. The object to be treated is contacted with the freshly prepared oxidizing agent. The oxidizing agent is circulated and returned into the electrolysis device to be regenerated.

Abstract: A gemstone is provided and has a large surface-area, plate-shaped support having a surface with least one pyramid-shaped depression. A thin vapor phase deposit layer comprises a thin, surface-shaped precious synthetic gemstone layer disposed on the large surface-area, plate-shaped support and has an upper surface facing away from the plate-shaped support and an underside having at least one pyramid-shaped projection disposed in and coinciding with the pyramid-shaped depression of the support. Side faces of the pyramid-shaped projections of the underside of the vapor phase deposit layer upon the plate-shaped support impart decorative, diamond-light-reflective qualities to the synthetic gemstone layer.

Abstract: In an apparatus for coating a substrate by means of a chemical gas phase separation process, the arrangement of the filaments (5, 17, 26) at least partially surrounding the substrate to be coated is not merely two-dimensional but three-dimensional in respect of the substrate.

Abstract: A gemstone has a plate-shaped support having a surface with at least one pyramid-shaped depression. A precious stone layer is produced by vapor phase deposition on the plate-shaped support. The precious stone layer can be cut.

Abstract: In an apparatus for coating a substrate by means of a chemical gas phase separation process, the arrangement of the filaments (5, 17, 26) at least partially surrounding the substrate to be coated is not merely two-dimensional but three-dimensional in respect of the substrate.

Abstract: In a method for the manufacture of a coating on a grinding tool, a rough diamond layer (8, 10) is produced as an abrasive layer on the surface (2) of the body (1) of the grinding tool by vapor-phase deposition. This diamond layer is deposited on the grinding tool by the Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (HF-CVD) process.