Abstract: An apparatus including at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least receive, from a network node, a first information associated with a target in an environment, the first information including one or more parameter estimates based on a reflection signal from the target; receive, from the network node, a second information associated with the environment and antenna characteristics of a transmission and reception point of the network node; determine a three-dimensional map based on the second information; estimate a position of the target based on the first information and the second information, the estimated position representing a coordinate in the three-dimensional map; and determine a power-limited zone based on the estimated position, the power-limited zone representing restricted capabilities of the network node for sensing the target.

Abstract: A method comprising: receiving, from a user equipment, UE, by a base station, via a radio channel, precoded Demodulated Reference Signals, DMRSs; receiving, from the UE by the base station, via the radio channel, a first UE-specific un-precoded Sounding Reference Signal, SRS and a second UE-specific un-precoded SRS spaced in time by a scheduled SRS time period; receiving, from the UE by the base station, via the radio channel and during the scheduled SRS period between the first and second UE-specific un-precoded SRS, at least one UE-specific un-precoded Demodulated Reference Signal, DMRS; generating a channel estimation for the radio channel based on the at least one precoded DMRS and the at least one UE-specific un-precoded DMRS.

Abstract: A method including: determining a respective first amount of resources each with a respective first power and a non-aggressive MCS such that a target value is guaranteed for a BLER of a transmission to a terminal under a channel estimate of a channel and a SINR estimate; and instructing a transmission device to perform the transmission using the non-aggressive MCS on the first amount of the resources each with the first power, wherein the transmission device may perform hypothetically the transmission using an aggressive MCS on a second amount of the resources each with a respective maximum available power such that the target value is guaranteed for the BLER under the assumed conditions; the first amount of the resources is larger than the second amount of the resources, the respective first power is less than the respective maximum available power.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus comprising means for: detecting an occurrence of a traffic burst event on a flow within a wireless network; responsive to the detection of the occurrence of a traffic burst event, determining whether a traffic burst allowance is available; responsive to determining that the traffic burst allowance is available, scheduling the flow and/or another flow within the wireless network with a traffic burst bit rate at which to transmit data, the traffic burst bit rate being greater than a first, guaranteed bit rate indicated by an assigned quality of service for the flow; and responsive to determining that the traffic burst allowance has been exhausted and/or determining that occurrence of the traffic burst event has stopped, scheduling the flow with the first bit rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising determining at least one of: one or more prohibited sensing spaces in which radio sensing is not allowed, one or more non-enhanced sensing spaces in which the radio sensing is allowed, or one or more enhanced sensing spaces in which to perform enhanced radio sensing compared to the radio sensing in the one or more non-enhanced sensing spaces; obtaining sensing configuration information associated with at least one of: the one or more prohibited sensing spaces, or the one or more enhanced sensing spaces; and controlling, based on the sensing configuration information, at least one of: the radio sensing in the one or more prohibited sensing spaces, or the enhanced radio sensing in the one or more enhanced sensing spaces.

Abstract: An apparatus, including at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: provide a first machine learning model configured to receive first information associated with at least one signal and to provide a first channel prediction based on the first information, provide a second machine learning model configured to receive second information and to provide a second channel prediction based on the second information, the second information comprising the first information and at least temporarily including the first channel prediction, determine the second channel prediction using at least the second machine learning model.

Abstract: A serving base station is disclosed, serving a user equipment, includes means for: transmitting, to the user equipment, a scheduling grant for an uplink transmission; transmitting, to at least one supporting base station, sensing support information associated with the scheduling grant; receiving, from the user equipment, an uplink transmission in accordance with the scheduling grant; determining sensing information based on the received uplink transmission. Also disclosed are: a method, performed by a serving base station; a supporting base station, supporting a serving base station serving a user equipment in a sensing operation; a method, performed by a supporting base station; a sensing management function; a network entity including means for performing a sensing management function, and a system including at least one user equipment, at least one serving base station and at least one supporting base station.

Abstract: A method of channel estimation for a receiver side antenna array includes receiving a first signal associated with a pilot tone transmitted by a transmitter side antenna array, obtaining a first group of neural network models trained for channel estimation based on the pilot tone, inputting a representation of the received first signal into each neural network model of the first group, performing one-dimensional interpolation for second signals associated with data tones in at least one of time domain and frequency domain, obtaining a second group of neural network models trained for channel estimation in presence of interpolation errors based on the data tones, and for each one-dimensional interpolation, inputting an interpolated channel estimate of the generated interpolated channel estimates into each neural network model of the second group and generating a corrected interpolated channel estimate for a second signal.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computing program is described including: receiving one or more received symbols and one or more received bits, wherein the received symbols are received at a receiver of a transmission system including a transmitter, a channel, and the receiver; converting one or more of the received bits that are deemed to be correct into one or more estimated transmission symbols; generating an estimated channel transfer function based on one or more of the estimated transmission symbols and corresponding received symbols; and providing training data pairs, each training data pair including a first element based on the estimated channel transfer function and a second element based on the corresponding received symbols.

Abstract: A method comprising controlling sensing operations of one or more access nodes, obtaining information from the sensing operations of the one or more access nodes, receiving, from a device, a request to be provided sensing services, wherein the sensing services are based on the obtained information, determining a sensing quality of service associated with the request, receiving, from the device, information regarding sensing capabilities of the device, and based, at least partly, on the request and the sensing capabilities of the device, determining if the requested sensing services can be provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus comprising means for: detecting an occurrence of a traffic burst event on a flow within a wireless network; responsive to the detection of the occurrence of a traffic burst event, determining whether a traffic burst allowance is available; responsive to determining that the traffic burst allowance is available, scheduling the flow and/or another flow within the wireless network with a traffic burst bit rate at which to transmit data, the traffic burst bit rate being greater than a first, guaranteed bit rate indicated by an assigned quality of service for the flow; and responsive to determining that the traffic burst allowance has been exhausted and/or determining that occurrence of the traffic burst event has stopped, scheduling the flow with the first bit rate.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising identifying a value of an onsite channel characteristic of a receive channel; requesting a neural network parameter, wherein the request comprises an indication of the onsite channel characteristic; monitoring if the neural network parameter is received in response to the request; estimating the receive channel by a neural network using the neural network parameter if the neural network parameter is received.

Abstract: An apparatus, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, the at least one memory and the instructions configured to, with the at least one processor, cause a receiver to perform a correlation processing of a first signal received by the receiver and/or of a second signal which can be derived from the first signal, and to at least temporarily modify an output signal of the correlation processing using at least one neural network, wherein a modified output signal may be obtained.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for signal multiplexing of data and radar transmissions. For instance, certain embodiments may provide a configurable time and frequency domain comb signal for radar excitation on a spatial beam and/or multiplexing data communications and radar signals in time, frequency, and/or spatial domains (e.g., beams).

Abstract: A method of channel estimation for an antenna array is disclosed. The method includes, receiving a signal transmitted by the antenna array, obtaining a neural network model trained for channel estimation using the received signal, inputting a representation of the received signal into the neural network model and generating a channel estimate for the received signal, and deciding whether to employ a further neural network model for the channel estimation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus which use a first automatic gain control unit to receive a first data signal, use a second automatic gain control unit to receive a reflected radar signal, and switches between using the first automatic gain control unit and using the second automatic gain control unit.

Abstract: A method including: determining a respective first amount of resources each with a respective first power and a non-aggressive MCS such that a target value is guaranteed for a BLER of a transmission to a terminal under a channel estimate of a channel and a SINR estimate; and instructing a transmission device to perform the transmission using the non-aggressive MCS on the first amount of the resources each with the first power, wherein the transmission device may perform hypothetically the transmission using an aggressive MCS on a second amount of the resources each with a respective maximum available power such that the target value is guaranteed for the BLER under the assumed conditions; the first amount of the resources is larger than the second amount of the resources, the respective first power is less than the respective maximum available power.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform determining, per a communication service to which resources are to be allocated, a metric value using a first predefined set of rules, determining, per a sensing service to which resources are to be allocated, a metric value using a second predefined set of rules, sorting communication services to which resources are to be allocated and sensing services to which resources are to be allocated based on the metric values to a sorted order using a third rule, and allocating resources for the communication services and the sensing services based on the sorted order.

Abstract: A base station and a user equipment device and a method for sending data from the user equipment device to the base station is proposed. The method for transmitting data comprises the steps of determining disadvantageous transmission conditions for the user equipment device and if such disadvantageous transmission conditions are determined, transmitting data in a reserved frame.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform determining, per a communication service to which resources are to be allocated, a metric value using a first predefined set of rules, determining, per a sensing service to which resources are to be allocated, a metric value using a second predefined set of rules, sorting communication services to which resources are to be allocated and sensing services to which resources are to be allocated based on the metric values to a sorted order using a third rule, and allocating resources for the communication services and the sensing services based on the sorted order.