Abstract: A battery management system includes a battery cell module, a switching circuit, an analog front-end circuit, an electrically erasable read-only memory which is reproducible, and a micro-controller. The switching circuit is connected in parallel with the battery cell module. The switching circuit includes a charging field-effect transistor and a discharging field-effect transistor. The analog front-end circuit is configured to monitor battery information of the battery cell module. The battery information includes a voltage of the battery cell module, a current of the battery cell module and a temperature of the battery cell module. The analog front-end circuit is connected with the switching circuit. The micro-controller stores a starting program.

Abstract: An under-voltage protection method is applied in a battery management system. The battery management system includes a control module, an analog front-end unit, a monitoring unit, and a charging and discharging unit. The control module has a system communication function. The control module includes a micro-controller, and an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory connected with the micro-controller. The analog front-end unit is connected to the micro-controller. The monitoring unit is connected to the analog front-end unit. The charging and discharging unit includes a charging switch which is a charging field effect transistor, and a discharging switch which is a discharging field effect transistor. The monitoring unit, and the charging and discharging unit are connected with the analog front-end unit.

Abstract: A terminal functional side chain-substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based terpolymer and a preparation method and use thereof is described herein. The terpolymer has the following structural formula: where R1 is a terminal siloxy-substituted swallow-tailed chain with 22 to 52 carbon atoms in total, and t1 and t2 each are an integer of 1 to 18; R2 is a semifluoroalkyl-substituted swallow-tailed chain with 12 to 60 carbon atoms in total and 10 to 46 fluorine atoms in total, t3 and t4 each are an integer of 1 to 16, and t5 and t6 each are an integer of 1 to 10; and Ar is any one selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, substituent-containing aryl, and substituent-containing heteroaryl, and m and n each are an integer of 5 to 100.