Abstract: The disclosure relates to the field of medicinal chemistry. Disclosed are a 14-chloro-?-elemene nitric oxide donor derivative and a preparation method and use thereof in the preparation of anti-tumor drugs. The 14-chloro-?-elemene nitric oxide donor derivative has a general formula shown in formula (I): in formula (I): R1 represents a linear or cyclic alcohol amine structure containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms; and each of R2 and R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-10 alkyl, C3-12 cycloalkyl, C6-12 aryl, 5- to 10-membered cyclic heteroaryl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, and C2-10 alkoxy.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optimal selection method of gene chip probes for cancer screening. The method is characterized in that the gene chip probes capable of being used for cancer screening are obtained through three stages of constructing a point mutation site (SNV) group, constructing a candidate probe group and verifying and confirming probes on the basis of nucleic acid data of a confirmed case of a selected cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optimal selection method of gene chip probes for cancer screening. The method is characterized in that the gene chip probes capable of being used for cancer screening are obtained through three stages of constructing a point mutation site (SNV) group, constructing a candidate probe group and verifying and confirming probes on the basis of nucleic acid data of a confirmed case of a selected cancer.

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. Active immunization with GFAP protein or GFAP peptide or passive immunization with anti-GFAP antibodies or treatment with a GFAP-binding aptamer can be used to reduce the post-TBI induced expression of GFAP, Tau and p-Tau in brain cortex tissues to attenuate the increased serum levels of GFAP after brain injury, and reduce the serum levels of pNF-H, Tau and p-Tau TBI. In addition, GFAP immunization can alleviate anxiety behavior and improve cognitive performance post-injury.

Abstract: Systems and methods which provide low-loss dielectric microstrip line (DML) circuits for use with respect to signals in the terahertz frequency range are described. Low-loss DML integrated circuits of embodiments, such as may comprise DML transmission lines, DML couplers, DML crossovers, etc., may be based on silicon technology and are adapted for signal frequencies in the range of 750-925 GHz. A DML circuit implementation may be comprised of silicon on insulator based DML structure having a silicon dioxide (SiO2) insulation layer as the middle layer of the DML, wherein the device layer (HR—Si) and the handle layer (HR—Si) are the top and bottom layers of the DML. A high-precision fabrication process for the SOI wafer, wherein the height of the dielectric microstrip lines can be accurately controlled, may be utilized to fabricate DML circuits of embodiments. A non-contact measurement technology may be used to test the DML circuits of embodiments.

Abstract: An optical amplifier includes an input port for receiving an input optical signal; a wavelength division multiplexer (204) having a first input coupled to the input port, a second input coupled to a pump source (206), and an output coupled to an amplification fiber (208); and an integrated component (210) configured to provide output monitoring and isolation, wherein the integrated component (210) is configured to separate a first portion of a light signal received from the amplification fiber (208), direct the first portion to a photo detector, direct a second portion of the input light from the amplification fiber (208) to an output port, and attenuate light signals received from the output port.

Abstract: Various methods, systems, and apparatuses, for optical switching are provided. For example, one wavelength selective switch (WSS) includes a plurality of optical ports wherein one or more optical ports are configured to receive one or more input optical beams the one or more input optical beams having a plurality of wavelength channels and wherein one or more of the optical ports are configured to receive one or more wavelength channels of the plurality of wavelength channels for output. The WSS also includes a polarization conditioning assembly, a polarization beam splitter assembly, a direction dependent polarization rotator, a polarization beam splitter, a grating, and a polarization modulator array having a plurality of polarizing modulation cells, each cell configured to independently change a polarization orientation of an optical beam passing through the cell.

Abstract: A dynamic gain equalizer (DGE) for an optical communication device and related method which are capable of reducing power variations among wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals. The DGE and method use an optical attenuation device configured such that the ratio of pixel gap distance to the channel beam diameter at the point of incident to the optical attenuation device is less than or equal to 0.06. The DGE can produce output signal sets that have ripple increases of less than 0.1 db over the input signal sets.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch includes a plurality of optical ports, a polarization conditioning system, a dispersion system, and a switching system. The switching system includes at least one transmissive stage and a reflective polarization modulator. Each transmissive stage has a transmissional polarization modulator and a symmetrical beam polarization separator. The transmissional polarization modulator includes transmissive first cells each being configured to change a polarization orientation of an optical beam passing through the cell. The symmetrical beam polarization separator is configured to redirect the optical beam passing therethrough based upon its polarization. The reflective polarization modulator includes a birefringence section and a reflective section.

Abstract: An optical communication device and related method are provided for reducing power variations among wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals. The device includes a dynamic gain equalizer (DGE) coupled to an optical communication path carrying WDM optical signals. The DGE is controlled in response to signals generated by an optical channel monitor (OCM). The OCM monitors signals coming into the DGE and monitors the signals leaving the DGE to thus monitor the WDM spectrum for optical signal power variations and adjust the DGE to reduce the signal power variations.

Abstract: Various methods, systems, and apparatuses, for optical switching are provided. For example, one wavelength selective switch (WSS) includes a plurality of optical ports wherein one or more optical ports are configured to receive one or more input optical beams the one or more input optical beams having a plurality of wavelength channels and wherein one or more of the optical ports are configured to receive one or more wavelength channels of the plurality of wavelength channels for output. The WSS also includes a polarization conditioning assembly, a polarization beam splitter assembly, a direction dependent polarization rotator, a polarization beam splitter, a grating, and a polarization modulator array having a plurality of polarizing modulation cells, each cell configured to independently change a polarization orientation of an optical beam passing through the cell.

Abstract: An optical amplifier includes an input port for receiving an input optical signal;a wavelength division multiplexer (204) having a first input coupled to the input port, a second input coupled to a pump source (206), and an output coupled to an amplification fiber (208); and an integrated component (210) configured to provide output monitoring and isolation, wherein the integrated component (210) is configured to separate a first portion of a light signal received from the amplification fiber (208), direct the first portion to a photo detector, direct a second portion of the input light from the amplification fiber (208) to an output port, and attenuate light signals received from the output port.

Abstract: Systems and methods which provide low-loss dielectric microstrip line (DML) circuits for use with respect to signals in the terahertz frequency range are described. Low-loss DML integrated circuits of embodiments, such as may comprise DML transmission lines, DML couplers, DML crossovers, etc., may be based on silicon technology and are adapted for signal frequencies in the range of 750-925 GHz. A DML circuit implementation may he comprised of silicon on insulator based DML structure having a silicon dioxide (SiO2) insulation layer as the middle layer of the DML, wherein the device layer (HR—Si) and the handle layer (HR—Si) are the top and bottom layers of the DML. A high-precision fabrication process for the SOI wafer, wherein the height of the dielectric microstrip lines can be accurately controlled, may be utilized to fabricate DML circuits of embodiments. A non-contact measurement technology may be used to test the DML circuits of embodiments.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of ingress ports, a wavelength blocker array, a plurality of egress ports, a plurality of degree drop ports, a plurality of degree add ports, and a wavelength selective cross-connect (WSX) array. The wavelength blocker array has plurality of wavelength blocking units, each wavelength blocking unit is coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of ingress ports. The wavelength selective cross-connect (WSX) array includes a plurality of 2×2 independently switched 2×2 wavelength selective cross-connect switches, where the WSX array is coupled to the wavelength blocker array, the plurality of egress ports, the plurality of degree drop ports, and the plurality of degree add ports.

Abstract: An apparatus includes N 1×2 ingress tap couplers, a wavelength blocker array, N 2×1 egress tap couplers, and a wavelength selective cross-connect (WSX) array. A tapped branch of each ingress tap coupler is coupled to a degree drop and where N>1. The wavelength blocker array has N wavelength blocking units, each wavelength blocking unit coupled to a corresponding one of the N 1×2 ingress tap couplers. A tapped branch of each egress tap coupler is coupled to a degree add. The wavelength selective cross-connect (WSX) array is coupled between the wavelength blocker array and the N 2×1 egress tap couplers, where the WSX array includes a plurality of independently switched 2×2 WSX switches.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for optical wavelength selective switching. One 2×2 wavelength selective switch array includes a plurality of optical input ports configured to receive one or more optical input beams, and a plurality of optical output ports configured to receive one or more one or more optical output beams wherein the plurality of optical input ports and optical output ports form an array of 2×2 optical port pairs; one or more optical conditioning and wavelength dispersion elements; a polarization modulator array having a plurality of polarizing modulation cells, each cell configured to independently change a polarization orientation of an optical beam passing through the cell and associated with a particular wavelength channel; and a polarization-selective beam-routing optical element configured to route each particular input beam to either a first output port or a second output port according to polarization orientation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for optical communications. In one aspect, an optical circulator array includes a plurality of stacked three port circulators each having a respective first port of a first port array, a respective second port of a second port array, and a respective third port of a third port array. Each of the plurality of staked three port circulators share optical components including a first micro lens array optically coupled to the first port array and the third port array, a first walk off crystal, a first half wave plate, a first faraday rotator, a first birefringence wedge pair, a second birefringence wedge pair, a second Faraday rotator, a second half wave plate, a second birefringence walk off crystal, and a second micro lens array optically coupled to the second port array.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for optical communications. In one aspect, an optical circulator array includes a plurality of stacked three port circulators each having a respective first port of a first port array, a respective second port of a second port array, and a respective third port of a third port array. Each of the plurality of staked three port circulators share optical components including a first micro lens array optically coupled to the first port array and the third port array, a first walk off crystal, a first half wave plate, a first faraday rotator, a first birefringence wedge pair, a second birefringence wedge pair, a second Faraday rotator, a second half wave plate, a second birefringence walk off crystal, and a second micro lens array optically coupled to the second port array.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for optical communications. In one aspect, an optical circulator array includes a plurality of stacked three port circulators each having a respective first port of a first port array, a respective second port of a second port array, and a respective third port of a third port array, wherein each of the plurality of stacked three port circulators share optical components including: a first Wollaston prism coupled to the first port array, a first lens, a first half wave plate, a polarization dependent beam path separator, a second half wave plate, a second lens, a propagation direction dependent polarization rotation assembly, a second Wollaston prism coupled to the second port array, and a third Wollaston prism coupled to the third port array.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for optical wavelength selective switching. One 2×2 wavelength selective switch array includes a plurality of optical input ports configured to receive one or more optical input beams, and a plurality of optical output ports configured to receive one or more one or more optical output beams wherein the plurality of optical input ports and optical output ports form an array of 2×2 optical port pairs; one or more optical conditioning and wavelength dispersion elements; a polarization modulator array having a plurality of polarizing modulation cells, each cell configured to independently change a polarization orientation of an optical beam passing through the cell and associated with a particular wavelength channel; and a polarization-selective beam-routing optical element configured to route each particular input beam to either a first output port or a second output port according to polarization orientation.