Abstract: Described herein are compounds and compositions for electrolytes based on bidentate and monodentate fluorinated alcohols. Also described are batteries that include the compounds and electrolytes described herein.

Abstract: Described herein are redox active materials based on functionalization of 2,5-di(pyridine-4-yl)thiazolo-[5,4-d]thiazole (Py2TTz). Also described herein are aqueous organic redox flow batteries that include a first redox active material and a second redox active material comprising a viologen compound or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Methods of making magnesium-based compositions are disclosed. The methods include the addition of a metallic magnesium powder to a magnesium salt, a metal halide and a solvent. The methods provide compositions with advantageous properties that make them useful as electrolytes for battery applications.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds and compositions for electrolytes based on bidentate and monodentate fluorinated alcohols. Also described are batteries that include the compounds and electrolytes described herein.

Abstract: Described herein are aqueous organic redox flow batteries that include a first redox active material that can include a metallocene or a salt thereof, and a second redox active material that can include a viologen or a salt thereof. The aqueous organic redox flow batteries may further include a first aqueous electrolyte, a second aqueous electrolyte, and a separator between the first and second aqueous electrolytes. In addition, disclosed herein are methods of making the metallocene and viologen compounds.

Abstract: Described herein are redox active materials based on functionalization of 2,5-di(pyridine-4-yl)thiazolo-[5,4-d]thiazole (Py2TTz). Also described herein are aqueous organic redox flow batteries that include a first redox active material and a second redox active material comprising a viologen compound or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Methods of making magnesium-based compositions are disclosed. The methods include the addition of a metallic magnesium powder to a magnesium salt, a metal halide and a solvent. The methods provide compositions with advantageous properties that make them useful as electrolytes for battery applications.

Abstract: Described herein are aqueous organic redox flow batteries that include a first redox active material that can include a metallocene or a salt thereof, and a second redox active material that can include a viologen or a salt thereof. The aqueous organic redox flow batteries may further include a first aqueous electrolyte, a second aqueous electrolyte, and a separator between the first and second aqueous electrolytes. In addition, disclosed herein are methods of making the metallocene and viologen compounds.

Abstract: A solid-state lithium ion battery is disclosed. The battery includes an anode containing an anode active material. The battery also includes a cathode containing a cathode active material. The battery further includes a solid-state electrolyte material. The electrolyte material contains a salt or salt mixture with a melting point below approximately 300 degrees Celsius. The battery has an operating temperature of less than about 80 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: An aqueous redox flow battery system includes an aqueous catholyte and an aqueous anolyte. The aqueous catholyte may comprise (i) an optionally substituted thiourea or a nitroxyl radical compound and (ii) a catholyte aqueous supporting solution. The aqueous anolyte may comprise (i) metal cations or a viologen compound and (ii) an anolyte aqueous supporting solution. The catholyte aqueous supporting solution and the anolyte aqueous supporting solution independently may comprise (i) a proton source, (ii) a halide source, or (iii) a proton source and a halide source.

Abstract: Electrolytes for Mg-based energy storage devices can be formed from non-nucleophilic Mg2+ sources to provide outstanding electrochemical performance and improved electrophilic susceptibility compared to electrolytes employing nucleophilic sources. The instant electrolytes are characterized by high oxidation stability (up to 3.4 V vs Mg), improved electrophile compatibility and electrochemical reversibility (up to 100% coulombic efficiency). Synthesis of the Mg2+ electrolytes utilizes inexpensive and safe magnesium dihalides as non-nucleophilic Mg2+ sources in combination with Lewis acids, MRaX3-a (for 3?a?1). Furthermore, addition of free-halide-anion donors can improve the coulombic efficiency of Mg electrolytes from nucleophilic or non-nucleophilic Mg2+ sources.

Abstract: An aqueous redox flow battery system includes an aqueous catholyte and an aqueous anolyte. The aqueous catholyte may comprise (i) an optionally substituted thiourea or a nitroxyl radical compound and (ii) a catholyte aqueous supporting solution. The aqueous anolyte may comprise (i) metal cations or a viologen compound and (ii) an anolyte aqueous supporting solution. The catholyte aqueous supporting solution and the anolyte aqueous supporting solution independently may comprise (i) a proton source, (ii) a halide source, or (iii) a proton source and a halide source.

Abstract: Embodiments of a solid-state electrolyte comprising magnesium borohydride, polyethylene oxide, and optionally a Group IIA or transition metal oxide are disclosed. The solid-state electrolyte may be a thin film comprising a dispersion of magnesium borohydride and magnesium oxide nanoparticles in polyethylene oxide. Rechargeable magnesium batteries including the disclosed solid-state electrolyte may have a coulombic efficiency ?95% and exhibit cycling stability for at least 50 cycles.

Abstract: A solid-state lithium ion battery is disclosed. The battery includes an anode containing an anode active material. The battery also includes a cathode containing a cathode active material. The battery further includes a solid-state electrolyte material. The electrolyte material contains a salt or salt mixture with a melting point below approximately 300 degrees Celsius. The battery has an operating temperature of less than about 80 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: Embodiments of a solid-state electrolyte comprising magnesium borohydride, polyethylene oxide, and optionally a Group IIA or transition metal oxide are disclosed. The solid-state electrolyte may be a thin film comprising a dispersion of magnesium borohydride and magnesium oxide nanoparticles in polyethylene oxide. Rechargeable magnesium batteries including the disclosed solid-state electrolyte may have a coulombic efficiency ?95% and exhibit cycling stability for at least 50 cycles.

Abstract: Embodiments of an electrolyte for a hybrid magnesium-alkali metal ion battery are disclosed. The electrolyte includes a magnesium salt, a Lewis acid, and an alkali metal salt. Embodiments of battery systems including the electrolyte also are disclosed.

Abstract: Electrolytes for Mg-based energy storage devices can be formed from non-nucleophilic Mg2+ sources to provide outstanding electrochemical performance and improved electrophilic susceptibility compared to electrolytes employing nucleophilic sources. The instant electrolytes are characterized by high oxidation stability (up to 3.4 V vs Mg), improved electrophile compatibility and electrochemical reversibility (up to 100% coulombic efficiency). Synthesis of the Mg2+ electrolytes utilizes inexpensive and safe magnesium dihalides as non-nucleophilic Mg2+ sources in combination with Lewis acids, MRaX3-a (for 3?a?1). Furthermore, addition of free-halide-anion donors can improve the coulombic efficiency of Mg electrolytes from nucleophilic or non-nucleophilic Mg2+ sources.

Abstract: Magnesium energy storage devices that take advantage of magnesium-based anodes while maintaining practical energy densities can be useful for large-scale energy storage as well as other applications. One such device can include a negative electrode having magnesium and a positive electrode material that can flow in a batch or continuous manner. The flowable positive electrode material can result in an increased practical energy density because the fresh active material can be flowed to the positive electrode, and as a result can be theoretically infinite in size. The positive electrode can include a cathode suspension contacting a positive current collector and having particulates of a cathode magnesium intercalation compound, a cathode magnesium conversion compound, a redox active species, or combinations thereof.