Abstract: The present application discloses an image processing method and apparatus, an optical system, and a computer-readable storage medium. The method comprises: acquiring parameters of rectangular images of inner ring portions and outer ring portions of an object to be inspected; preprocessing, according to the parameters of the rectangular images of the inner ring portions and the outer ring portions, the rectangular images of inner ring portions and the rectangular images of outer ring portions to form a rectangular image of the object; initializing parameters of a target circular image according to the rectangular image of the object; and determining pixel mapping relationships between the target circular image and the rectangular image of the object, and determining pixel values on the target circular image according to the pixel mapping relationships and pixel values on the rectangular image of the object.