Abstract: This application discloses a NB-IoT-based communication method and an apparatus, to evolve a NB-IoT communication technology into an NTN. The method is as follows: A terminal device generates an uplink signal, including a superframe which includes a synchronization sequence located in first duration of the superframe and a data frame located in second duration which is after the first duration, the synchronization sequence successively includes a first sequence repeated Ni times and a second sequence repeated N2 times, the second sequence is obtained by multiplying the first sequence by ?1, a part of consecutive sequences of the synchronization sequence are used as a first synchronization reference sequence that is obtained based on the second sequence repeated N2 times and one or more first sequences that are sorted from back to front in the first sequence repeated N1 times. The terminal device sends the uplink signal to a network device.

Abstract: An information transmission method and an apparatus. The information transmission method includes: a receive end sends first indication information, where the first indication information indicates a target receiving mode of the receive end, and the target receiving mode is one of a plurality of receiving modes. The receive end receives service information based on the target receiving mode. The receive end performs decoding processing on the service information based on the target receiving mode. In this way, power consumption can be further reduced, and information transmission of a plurality of service types can be supported, thereby improving information transmission flexibility and user experience.

Abstract: A tracking area (TA) update method, a broadcast message transmission method, and a communications apparatus, where the tracking area update method includes: receiving a broadcast message periodically sent by a satellite device, where the broadcast message alternately carries tracking area codes (TACs) corresponding to one or more TAs of at least two TAs, and where coverage of a beam of the satellite device belongs to the at least two TAs; when detecting for the first time that a TA corresponding to a TAC in a broadcast message received in a current period does not belong to a first TA list, recording the TA in a second TA list; continuing detecting a subsequent broadcast message; and determining, based on a TAC in the subsequent broadcast message, whether to initiate a TA update procedure.

Abstract: A signal processing method and an apparatus thereof. A first signal is received, wherein the first signal includes x symbols. N types of quantization levels are determined based on a signal distribution parameter of the first signal. A second signal is determined based on the first signal. Quantization processing is performed on the second signal to obtain x groups of first quantization results, wherein the x symbols are in one-to-one correspondence with the x groups of first quantization results. The x groups of first quantization results are mapped to a quantized first signal, wherein the quantized first signal includes x quantization levels, and each group of first quantization results is mapped to one of the N types of quantization levels. Signal processing is performed on the quantized first signal.

Abstract: This application provides a method for federated learning. A communication apparatus triggers, by setting a threshold (a time threshold and/or a count threshold), fusion of a local model sent by a terminal device, to generate a global model, and when a fusion weight of the local model is designed, a data feature included in the local model of the terminal device, a lag degree, and a utilization degree of a data feature of a sample set of the corresponding terminal device are comprehensively considered, so that a problem of low training efficiency caused by a synchronization requirement for model uploading versions in a synchronous system can be avoided, and a problem of unstable convergence and a poor generalization capability caused by an “update upon reception” principle of an asynchronous system can be avoided.

Abstract: A data transmission method and apparatus are described. The method includes a receive end receiving a first parameter, where the first parameter includes a parameter of a probability distribution of a hidden variable. The hidden variable is obtained by encoding first data by using an encoder of a variational auto-encoder. The receive end determines the probability distribution based on the first parameter, and samples the probability distribution M times to obtain M pieces of sampled data, where M is a positive integer. The receive end reconstructs the first data based on the M pieces of sampled data. According to the described data transmission method and apparatus, the first parameter is transmitted, so that the receive end can support a plurality of times of sampling, thereby reducing an amount of data transmitted over an air interface, and reducing data transmission overhead.

Abstract: A data transmission method includes obtaining a data stream. The data stream includes a plurality of bit groups. The method also includes modulating the data stream into a modulated symbol stream according to a modulation rule, and generating a modulated signal based on the modulated symbol stream. The modulated symbol stream includes a plurality of modulated symbol. The modulation rule includes determining, in a symbol period of one modulated symbol based on a value of a first bit group, a zero time point corresponding to the first bit group. The zero time point is a zero crossing point of the modulated signal in the symbol period. The first bit group includes at least one bit. The first bit group is one of the plurality of bit groups. The method further includes sending the modulated signal.

Abstract: A data model training method and apparatus are provided. The method includes receiving data subsets from a plurality of subnodes and performing data convergence based on the plurality of data subsets to obtain a first data set. A first data model and at least one of the first data set or a subset of the first data set are sent to a first subnode, where an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm is configured for the first subnode. A second data model is received from the first subnode, where the second data model is obtained by training the first data model based on the first data set or the subset of the first data set. The first data model is updated based on the second data model to obtain a target data model, the target data model is sent to the plurality of subnodes.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method may include: A first communication apparatus receives configuration information of a first neural network; the first communication apparatus determines the first neural network based on the configuration information of the first neural network; the first communication apparatus obtains first channel information based on channel information obtained through measurement and the first neural network, where a data amount of the first channel information is less than a data amount of the channel information obtained through measurement; and the first communication apparatus sends the first channel information, where the first channel information is used to obtain second channel information by using a second neural network, and the second channel information is used for data transmission.

Abstract: This application provides a polar coding method, a polar decoding method, and an apparatus. A transmit end obtains K to-be-coded bits and an index set including K polar channels, where a value set of K1 indexes in the set of the K indexes or a value set of K2 indexes in the set of the K indexes is determined based on a value set of K2 of the K to-be-coded bits, and the value set of the K1 indexes and the value set of the K2 indexes are complementary sets of each other; and performs polar coding on K1 to-be-coded bits. In comparison with a conventional polar coding method and a conventional polar decoding method, the polar coding method and the polar decoding method provided in this application can achieve an effect of reducing a bit rate. A simulation result indicates that the method has better performance.

Abstract: This application discloses a polar code retransmission method and apparatus, to achieve an encoding gain. The method includes: when decoding of the first code word fails, performing polar code encoding on K first to-be-encoded bits and K? second to-be-encoded bits based on a second information bit position set to obtain a second code word, where elements in the second information bit position set are used to indicate positions of the to-be-encoded bits, and an element that is in the second information bit position set and that is used to indicate a position of a first to-be-encoded bit is a sum of N and an element that is in the first information bit position set and that is used to indicate the position of the first to-be-encoded bit; and sending a subcode in the second code word other than the first code word to the decoding device.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a transceiver device and a transceiver apparatus used in the transceiver device. The transceiver apparatus includes a transmit antenna and a receive antenna. The transmit antenna is configured to send a local signal to a receive antenna of a peer end. The receive antenna is configured to receive a wanted signal transmitted by a transmit antenna of the peer end. The transmit antenna is on an interference cancellation plane of the receive antenna, the receive antenna is on an interference cancellation plane of the transmit antenna. The interference cancellation plane is a plane on which an interference signal generated by the transmit antenna is canceled.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a coding and modulation method, a demodulation and decoding method, an apparatus, and a device. The coding and modulation method includes obtaining K to-be-encoded bits and a modulation scheme, and coding the K to-be-encoded bits, based on M bit levels of the modulation scheme, to obtain M? code blocks, where M?<M, a code length of an ith code block is Ni, Ni=Mi*N, Mi is a quantity of bit levels corresponding to the ith code block, N is a symbol block length, and 1?i?M?. The disclosed method further includes modulating the M? code blocks, according to a mapping relationship between the M? code blocks and the M bit levels, to obtain and output a modulated symbol sequence, where a code block whose code length is Mi*N corresponds to Mi bit levels in the mapping relationship.

Abstract: This application provides a polar coding method, a polar decoding method, and an apparatus. A transmit end obtains K to-be-coded bits and an index set including K polar channels, where a value set of K1 indexes in the set of the K indexes or a value set of K2 indexes in the set of the K indexes is determined based on a value set of K2 of the K to-be-coded bits, and the value set of the K1 indexes and the value set of the K2 indexes are complementary sets of each other; and performs polar coding on K1 to-be-coded bits. In comparison with a conventional polar coding method and a conventional polar decoding method, the polar coding method and the polar decoding method provided in this application can achieve an effect of reducing a bit rate. A simulation result indicates that the method has better performance.

Abstract: A tracking area (TA) update method, a broadcast message transmission method, and a communications apparatus, where the tracking area update method includes: receiving a broadcast message periodically sent by a satellite device, where the broadcast message alternately carries tracking area codes (TACs) corresponding to one or more TAs of at least two TAs, and where coverage of a beam of the satellite device belongs to the at least two TAs; when detecting for the first time that a TA corresponding to a TAC in a broadcast message received in a current period does not belong to a first TA list, recording the TA in a second TA list; continuing detecting a subsequent broadcast message; and determining, based on a TAC in the subsequent broadcast message, whether to initiate a TA update procedure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to encoding methods and apparatus, and decoding methods and apparatus. In one example encoding method, first input information is obtained. The first input information is encoded based on an encoding neural network to obtain and output first output information. The encoding neural network comprises a first neuron parameter, and the first neuron parameter is used to indicate a mapping relationship between the first input information and the first output information.