Abstract: A method of creating a pseudo hemispherical beam using a plurality of individual spot beams comprising receiving by a single router or packet processor, user data from a plurality of users, processing the user data by the single router or packet processor using a QoS logic such that a single output comprising a plurality of queues of data results, each queue of data comprising data designated for transmission only to one or more predetermined remote receivers, modulating the plurality of queues of data received using a multiple-carrier modulator such that a single output comprising a plurality of individual spot beams results, wherein each individual spot beam has a unique center frequency and carrier signal configuration, and transmitting the plurality of individual spot beams to a repeating relay configured to transmit each individual spot beam to the one or more predetermined remote receivers.

Abstract: A system for generating a frequency reference signal comprising an oscillator, a direct digital synthesizer coupled to the oscillator and configured to receive a signal output from the oscillator, a digital to analog converter coupled to the direct digital synthesizer and configured to receive a sampled signal from the direct digital synthesizer and to convert the sampled signal to an analog waveform, and a bandpass filter coupled to the digital to analog converter and configured to select an aliased output signal from the digital to analog converter at a Nyquist zone other than a first Nyquist zone and to output the frequency reference signal.

Abstract: A system for generating a frequency reference signal comprising an oscillator, a direct digital synthesizer coupled to the oscillator and configured to receive a signal output from the oscillator, a digital to analog converter coupled to the direct digital synthesizer and configured to receive a sampled signal from the direct digital synthesizer and to convert the sampled signal to an analog waveform, and a bandpass filter coupled to the digital to analog converter and configured to select an aliased output signal from the digital to analog converter at a Nyquist zone other than a first Nyquist zone and to output the frequency reference signal.

Abstract: A system and a method for direct communication between a remote ground transceiver and the intended recipient, such as a management station, through a satellite. The disclosed system and method are particularly useful for the rapid transmission of short messages, such as alarm messages, from equipment at remote sites to the management station. Optionally and preferably, messages can also be passed from the management station to the remote site, for example in order to transmit a command, such that a human supervisor at the management station would be able to respond to the alarm message. The messages are rapidly transmitted by passing directly from the satellite to the final recipient The satellite optionally determines the information necessary for billing and optionally passes this information to a ground center for sending the bill to the client.

Abstract: A system and a method for direct communication between a remote ground transceiver and the intended recipient, such as a management station, through a satellite. The disclosed system and method are particularly useful for the rapid transmission of short messages, such as alarm messages, from equipment at remote sites to the management station. Optionally and preferably, messages can also be passed from the management station to the remote site, for example in order to transmit a command, such that a human supervisor at the management station would be able to respond to the alarm message. The messages are rapidly transmitted by passing directly from the satellite to the final recipient The satellite optionally determines the information necessary for billing and optionally passes this information to a ground center for sending the bill to the client.