Abstract: A toner including toner particles of a styrene acrylate binder and at least one colorant, wherein the styrene acrylate binder has a weight average molecular weight of about 20 to about 30 kpse and a molecular peak of about 23 to about 28 kpse, the toner particles have a weight average molecular weight of about 28 to about 130 kpse, a number average molecular weight of about 9 to about 13.4 and a MWD of about 2.2 to about 10, and the toner particles have a cohesion of about 55 to about 98% at a mean circularity of about 0.94 to about 0.98. Also included is a set of toners for forming a color image, comprising a cyan toner, a magenta toner, a yellow toner and a black toner, wherein each of they cyan toner, the magenta toner, the yellow toner and the black toner have toner particles of about 70 to about 95% by weight, solids basis, of a styrene acrylate binder, about 5 to about 15% by weight, solids basis, of a wax dispersion, and at least one colorant.

Abstract: An emulsion polymerization process comprising polymerizing monomer in an emulsion in a reaction vessel at a first temperature to form a resin; cooling the reaction vessel to a second temperature that is above the softening point of the resin yet below the temperature required for significant depolymerization reaction to occur; and adding water to the cooled reaction vessel in an amount sufficient to effect phase inversion with mixing for a sufficient time to form an aqueous latex emulsion in the absence of a surfactant.

Abstract: A pigment dispersion process includes providing a solution in a dispersion apparatus tha includes a container, a rotor-stator type homogenizer and a recirculation device. The process includes adding pigment particles to the solution to form a dispersion, flowing at least a portion of the dispersion to the homogenizer via the recirculation device, reducing a size of the pigment particles using the homogenizer, and recirculating the dispersion between the container and the homogenizer via the recirculation device. The dispersion system may include a container containing a dispersion that may contain an amount of deionized water, an amount of surfactant and an amount of pigment, and a recirculation device coupled to the container and to a rotor-stator homogenizer that allows the dispersion to flow between the container and the homogenizer.

Abstract: A method of making toner particles, includes: mixing a latex emulsion, a colorant emulsion an optional was emulsion, and optional additives in a first reactor to form a slurry; discharging the slurry from the first reactor to a second reactor through a homogenizer; heating the slurry in the second reactor to form aggregated particles in said slurry; discharging the aggregated particles and slurry from the second reactor to a third reactor; heating the aggregated particles and slurry in the third reactor to coalesce the aggregated particles into toner particles; discharging the toner particles and slurry from the third reactor to a fourth reactor; cooling the toner particles; optionally classifying said toner particles to remove coarse particles; and optionally washing and drying said toner particles, wherein the first reactor, second reactor, third reactor, and fourth reactor are at least two different reactors.

Abstract: A dual coagulant toner process comprising adding a first component comprising an ionic salt to a latex emulsion of resin having a colorant mixed therein, to form a latex emulsion; adding a second component comprising an organo-metallic aggregating agent to the latex emulsion by agitation at a temperature above a glass transition temperature of the resin, thereby forming a product mixture; subsequently cooling the product mixture to a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the resin, in order to form toner particles; and optionally, isolating the toner particles.

Abstract: A method of making particles suitable for use as toners includes forming a mixture of sulfonated olyester resin, a colorant dispersion and optionally a wax dispersion, homogenizing the mixture, adding a coagulant to the mixture to aggregate the mixture to form aggregated particles, and coalescing the aggregated particles to form coalesced particles. In the method, when a predetermined average particle size is achieved during the aggregation and/or coalescing step, a complexing agent that complexes with ions of the coagulant is added in an amount effective to substantially halt any further particle growth. The complexing agent is believed to halt further growth by complexing with free coagulant ions still in the solution.

Abstract: Processes for generating aqueous dispersions for use in the emulsion/aggregation technique, by combining crystalline polyester resin, amorphous polyester resin and water, heating and agitating the mixture and generating an aqueous dispersion containing both crystalline polyester resin particles and amorphous polyester resin particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oil-less toner composition exhibiting good low temperature release and stripping in fixing, enhanced surface gloss of fixed image, and/or OHP transparency. By controlling one or more properties, such as the relative thermal energy input during the EA aggregation/coalescence process, using a wax having a certain dispersion size (D50), molecular weight and/or melting temperature, the toner particle produced thereby can achieve optimal surface wax protrusion with a surface wax content of about 12 to about 25 weight percent. This is based on the total amount of wax in the toner, as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The contamination of wax on developing rolls, photoreceptor and carriers, which lowers the reliability of the developer, is suppressed with the present exemplary embodiment.

Abstract: Methods include washing and de-watering toner particles using a horizontal filter press.

Abstract: A process having a step of radiating toner with electron beam radiation, wherein the radiation results in curing the toner is disclosed. A toner curing process is disclosed wherein toner is radiated, wherein the toner comprises at least one resin and at least one colorant, and wherein the toner is generated by an emulsion aggregation coalescence method. A method for crosslinking toner particles is disclosed wherein toner particles formed by an emulsion aggregation process are radiated with electron beam radiation, and wherein the toner particles contain at least one resin with crosslinkable functional groups.

Abstract: A toner of the invention includes toner particles comprising a styrene acrylate binder and at least one colorant, and wherein the toner particles, in the absence of external additives, have a mean circularity of from about 0.94 to about 0.98 and a particle size distribution with a lower number ratio geometric standard deviation (GSD) of approximately 1.28 to approximately 1.31 and an upper volume GSD of approximately 1.24 to approximately 1.27. Also included is a set of toners for forming a color image, comprising a cyan toner, a magenta toner, a yellow toner and a black toner, wherein each of the cyan toner, the magenta toner, the yellow toner and the black toner, wherein each of about 70 to about 95% by weight, dry basis, of a styrene acrylate binder, about 5 to about 15% by weight, dry basis, of a wax dispersion, and at least one colorant.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oil-less toner composition exhibiting good low temperature release and stripping in fixing, enhanced surface gloss of fixed image, and/or OHP transparency. By controlling one or more properties, such as the relative thermal energy input during the EA aggregation/coalescence process, using a wax having a certain dispersion size (D50), molecular weight and/or melting temperature, the toner particle produced thereby can achieve optimal surface wax protrusion with a surface wax content of about 12 to about 25 weight percent. This is based on the total amount of wax in the toner, as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The contamination of wax on developing rolls, photoreceptor and carriers, which lowers the reliability of the developer, is suppressed with the present exemplary embodiment.

Abstract: A toner including toner particles of a styrene acrylate binder and at least one colorant, wherein the styrene acrylate binder has a weight average molecular weight of about 20 to about 30 kpse and a molecular peak of about 23 to about 28 kpse, the toner particles have a weight average molecular weight of about 28 to about 130 kpse, a number average molecular weight to about 9 to about 13.4 and a MWD of about 2.2 to about 10, and the toner particles have a cohesion of about 55 to about 98% at a mean circularity of about 0.94 to about 0.98. Also included is a set of toners for forming a color image, comprising a cyan toner, a magenta toner, a yellow toner and a black toner, wherein each of the cyan toner, the magenta toner, the yellow toner and the black toner have toner particles of about 70 to about 95% by weight, solids basis, of a styrene acrylate binder, about 5 to about 15% by weight, solids basis, of a wax dispersion, and at least one colorant.