Abstract: The invention provides a long-acting parathyroid hormone peptide (PTH) that is retained in a subject's blood serum for periods of time that greatly exceed the natural hormone. The long-acting PTH is conjugated to at the carbon 3 position of a non-hormonal vitamin D via a scaffold of discreet length that facilitates its purification, detection, solubility, and efficacy at the PTH receptor (PTHR). The PTH may be conjugated to the non-hormonal vitamin D via a 36 mer poly(ethylene glycol) moiety (PTH-PEG36-VitD). The invention also provides optimized manufacturing methods and formulations. The PTH-PEG36-VitD has a vastly-improved serum half-life and bioavailability when compared to a non-conjugated PTH peptide. PTH-PEG36-VitD also significantly increases serum calcium, reduces urinary calcium, and reduces serum phosphate.

Abstract: Provide herein are intranasal compositions which include geranylgeranyl acetone (GGA) and/or derivatives thereof and methods for treating a neural disease, disorder or condition with the same.

Abstract: Provide herein are methods of treating inflammatory bowel disease with geranylgeranyl acetone (GGA) and/or derivatives thereof. Also provided are methods of treating chronic liver disease (CLD) with geranylgeranyl acetone (GGA) and/or derivatives thereof. Still further are provided methods for treating other hepatic and cardiac disorders.

Abstract: Provided herein is a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a GGA derivative in the form of an eye drop. Also provided herein are methods of treating neural diseases or disorders by administering such pharmaceutical formulations.