Abstract: Various embodiments of the present technology generally relate to a single monolithic IC to perform simultaneous optogenetic neural inhibition and extracellular electrophysiological recording in-vivo. Some embodiments include a low input capacitance (e.g., 9.7 pF) amplifier particularly tailored for the use of high-impedance electrodes to conduct single neuron extracellular recording integrated with programmable high current drivers for optogenetic stimulation or inhibition on the same IC chip. Some embodiments use a noise model to guide the IC design process to obtain parameters for optimal signal-to-noise ratio. The performance of the IC chip was demonstrated on an anesthetized gerbil expressed with inhibitory optogenetic protein (Halorhodopsin). Spontaneous action potentials from the fifth nerve of the brainstem were recorded by the amplifier and were subsequently inhibited by laser illumination.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present technology generally relate to a single monolithic IC to perform simultaneous optogenetic neural inhibition and extracellular electrophysiological recording in-vivo. Some embodiments include a low input capacitance (e.g., 9.7 pF) amplifier particularly tailored for the use of high-impedance electrodes to conduct single neuron extracellular recording integrated with programmable high current drivers for optogenetic stimulation or inhibition on the same IC chip. Some embodiments use a noise model to guide the IC design process to obtain parameters for optimal signal-to-noise ratio. The performance of the IC chip was demonstrated on an anesthetized gerbil expressed with inhibitory optogenetic protein (Halorhodopsin). Spontaneous action potentials from the fifth nerve of the brainstem were recorded by the amplifier and were subsequently inhibited by laser illumination.

Abstract: A multimodal method for imaging tissue comprising: aligning an excitation light source with at least a portion of the tissue; selecting at least two modalities of image acquisition; imaging the tissue portion with each of the modalities of image acquisition; and constructing a dual mode image using images from each of the modalities of image acquisition. A multimodal system for imaging tissue comprising: an excitation light source or light sources; an optical and alignment system for directing the excitation beam or beams to a sample and receiving an emission beam from the sample; at least one detector for receiving the emission beam from the sample; and a spectral filtering or dispersing device for providing at least two imaging modalities at the at least one detector; and a processor for analyzing the detected emission beam and constructing a dual mode image using images from each of the modalities of image acquisition.