Abstract: A water usage alert device has a housing. An opening is formed through the housing. A water monitoring module is positioned within the housing. The water monitoring module monitors a temperature of water running through a pipe positioned through the opening formed in the housing, an amount of water flowing through the pip; and provides alerts as to a length of time the water has been running through the pipe.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system for providing a beam of radiation. The lithographic apparatus further includes: a support structure for supporting patterning device, the patterning device serving to impart the beam with a pattern in its cross-section; a substrate table for holding a substrate; and a projection system for projecting the patterned beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The lithographic apparatus includes a vacuum system in which at least the illumination system and the substrate table are present. The vacuum system includes at least two separate vacuum modules. A first vacuum module includes at least the projection system and/or the illumination system. A second vacuum module includes the substrate table. At least two of the vacuum modules are connected to each other via a closable connection.