Abstract: The invention is a foamed bituminous emulsion comprising a bituminous emulsion and vapor entrained within the bituminous emulsion, such that the foamed bituminous emulsion is a frothy mass of foam. The temperature of the foamed bituminous emulsion may be less than 100° C., less than 75° C., or less than 50° C. The vapor entrained within the bituminous emulsion may have a volume greater than 5%, 25%, or 50% by volume of the volume of the bituminous emulsion. The foamed bituminous emulsion may be combined with paving materials to produce a foamed bituminous emulsion paving mixture. A layer may by produced by forming a bituminous emulsion; foaming the bituminous emulsion to produce a foamed bituminous emulsion, where foaming the bituminous emulsion comprises causing vapor to become entrained within the bituminous emulsion; combining the foamed bituminous emulsion with paving materials to produce a paving mixture; and applying the paving mixture to an existing surface to form a new surface.

Abstract: A spring operated button assembly for use with telescoping thick-walled tubes or adjacent planar surfaces wherein the entire spring assembly may be contained within a pocket to allow movement of surfaces past the spring button assembly without interference.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for enhanced and improved viscous oil recovery are disclosed. A horizontal well is drilled through the viscous oil formation. A specially designed steam stinger is used to inject steam substantially uniformly into the entire horizontal extent of the well borehole without direct steam impingement on the production liner in the viscous oil formation. Heat from the steam mobilizes and lowers the viscosity of the heavy crude wherein the crude is then produced to the surface via conventional lift arrangements.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for enhanced and improved viscous oil recovery are disclosed. A horizontal well is drilled through the viscous oil formation. A specially designed steam stinger is used to inject steam substantially uniformly into the entire horizontal extent of the well borehole without direct steam impingement on the production liner in the viscous oil formation. Heat from the steam mobilizes and lowers the viscosity of the heavy crude wherein the crude is then produced to the surface via conventional lift arrangements.