Abstract: A gas monitoring system includes a gas-insulated switchgear including a chamber filled with an insulating gas surrounding a high or medium voltage component, a sensor operatively connected to the chamber and adapted to measure a physical property of the insulating gas in the chamber over time, and a computer unit adapted to perform on the sensor measurements a statistical step detection for determining if a jump has occurred and/or a statistical change detection for determining if a change has occurred, whereby the statistical step and/or change detection includes identifying an expected range based on past sensor measurements and checking if a current sensor measurement is outside of the expected range.

Abstract: A mass spectrometry system based on the general principle of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is disclosed. An ion source (10) generates a beam (B) of ions having a negative charge state. A first mass analyzer (20) transmits only ions having a predetermined mass. The ions are passed through a stripper target (80) comprising helium and/or hydrogen as a stripping gas to change the charge state of said ions from negative to positive charge and to dissociate molecular ions by collisions. A second mass analyzer (110, 130) transmits ions in charge state 1+ having the predetermined mass, which are detected by a detector (140). By using helium and/or hydrogen gas and detecting ions in charge state 1+, it becomes possible to use kinetic energies below 200 keV without excessive transmission losses due to angular straggling. At sufficiently low energies, no additional acceleration is required after ions have been extracted from the ion source.

Abstract: A mass spectrometry system based on the general principle of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is disclosed. An ion source (10) generates a beam (B) of ions having a negative charge state. A first mass analyzer (20) transmits only ions having a predetermined mass. The ions are passed through a stripper target (80) comprising helium and/or hydrogen as a stripping gas to change the charge state of said ions from negative to positive charge and to dissociate molecular ions by collisions. A second mass analyzer (110, 130) transmits ions in charge state 1+ having the predetermined mass, which are detected by a detector (140). By using helium and/or hydrogen gas and detecting ions in charge state 1+, it becomes possible to use kinetic energies below 200 keV without excessive transmission losses due to angular straggling. At sufficiently low energies, no additional acceleration is required after ions have been extracted from the ion source.