Abstract: A roadway section comprises pavement material, wireless power chargers, and a magnetic shielding layer. The pavement material defines a longitudinal axis. The wireless power chargers are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis and comprise first, second, and third conductive elements. The second conductive element is adjacent to and spaced apart from the first conductive element at a first distance. The third conductive element is adjacent to and spaced apart from the second conductive element at a second distance that is longer than the first distance. The magnetic shielding layer is beneath the third conductive element and is configured to cause a magnitude of magnetic flux density emitted from the third conductive element above the pavement material to be highest between the second conductive element and an imaginary axis extending from a center of gravity of the third conductive element to the top of the pavement material.

Abstract: A roadway section comprises a body, a wireless battery charger, a reinforcement layer, and a thermal conduction coupler. The body includes rigid pavement. The reinforcement layer is embedded in the body and is configured to provide structural integrity to the body. The wireless battery charger is embedded in the body and configured to induce an electrical charge on a battery of a vehicle traveling on the roadway section. The thermal conduction coupler is embedded in the body and extends between the wireless battery charger and a portion of the reinforcement layer. The thermal conduction coupler is configured to conductively transfer heat from the wireless battery charger to the reinforcement layer.

Abstract: A segment of roadway includes a body having a top surface and a sensor array comprising one or more optical fiber cables embedded in the body. The sensor array includes an integrity sensor and a temperature sensor. The integrity sensor is configured to monitor the body for structural damage and has a length of greater than fifty centimeters (50 cm). The temperature sensor is configured to detect temperature within the body and is surrounded by an air gap encased in a housing.

Abstract: A segment of roadway includes a body having a top surface and a sensor array with one or more optical fiber cables embedded in the body. The sensor array includes vehicle-strain sensors configured to detect strain on the body resulting from vehicles traveling across the top surface and a temperature sensor configured to detect temperature within the body. The temperature sensor is surrounded by an air gap encased in a housing.

Abstract: A segment of roadway includes a body comprising pavement materials and having a top surface and a strain sensor array embedded in the body. The strain sensor array includes vehicle-strain sensors configured to detect strain on the body resulting from vehicles traveling across the top surface. Each of the vehicle-strain sensors is configured to operate at a scanning rate of at least five hundred Hertz (500 Hz).

Abstract: A segment of roadway includes a body having a top surface, a length along a direction of travel that is bisected by a length midpoint, and a width perpendicular to the direction of travel and bisected by a width midpoint. A strain sensor array is embedded in the body and includes a plurality of vehicle-strain sensors having at least one of a length and a spatial resolution along the length dimension of equal to or less than fifty centimeters (50 cm). The plurality of vehicle-strain sensors are configured to detect strain on the body resulting from vehicles traveling across the top surface, and are distributed across the body such that at least thirty percent (30%) of the vehicle-strain sensors are positioned on each side of each of the length and width midpoints.

Abstract: A modular pavement slab comprises a body, a strain sensor array, and a sensor processor. The body includes a top surface, a bottom surface, and four side surfaces. The modular pavement slab is configured to be coupled to at least one other modular pavement slab via connectors along at least one of the side surfaces. The strain sensor array is retained within the body and is configured to detect a plurality of strains on the body resulting from vehicular traffic across the top surface of the body. The sensor processor is in communication with the strain sensor array. The sensor processor is configured to communicate input signals to the strain sensor array, receive output signals from the strain sensor array, and determine a plurality of time-varying strain values, each strain value indicating a strain experienced over time by a successive one of a plurality of regions of the body.

Abstract: A segment of roadway includes a body having a top surface and a strain sensor array comprising one or more optical fiber cables embedded in the body. The strain sensor array includes an integrity sensor and vehicle-strain sensors. The vehicle-strain sensors are configured to detect strain on the body resulting from vehicles traveling across the top surface. Each of the vehicle-strain sensors has at least one of a spatial resolution and a length extending substantially parallel to a direction of travel of equal to or less than fifty centimeters (50 cm), and the integrity sensor has at least one of a spatial resolution and a length of greater than fifty centimeters (50 cm).

Abstract: A segment of roadway including a body and a strain sensor array embedded in the body. The strain sensor array includes vehicle-strain sensors configured to detect strain on the body resulting from vehicles traveling across the top surface. The strain sensor array includes an optical fiber cable comprising the plurality of vehicle-strain sensors, and the optical fiber cable is embedded in a configuration that includes a bend with a bend radius of at least twenty millimeters (20 mm). Each of the vehicle-strain sensors is separated from the bend by a length along the optical fiber cable of at least one centimeter (1 cm), and each of the vehicle-strain sensors is separated from each other of the vehicle-strain sensors by a length along the optical fiber cable of at least one centimeter (1 cm).

Abstract: A pavement system includes a slab having a body comprising pavement materials presenting a top surface. The system includes a reinforcement layer comprising geogrid materials embedded in the body, strain sensors fixed to the reinforcement layer, and a processor configured to collect multiple electrical signals across time from each of the strain sensors and to analyze the electrical signals to determine one or more of: (A) risk of a structural defect in the slab, (B) risk of a problem with underlying sub-grade beneath the slab, and (C) movement of passing objects across the top surface.

Abstract: A roadway section enables dynamic wireless power transfer to a vehicle. The roadway section comprises pavement material and a wireless power charger. The pavement material defines a pavement section volume having a top surface on which the vehicle traverses and side surfaces. The wireless power charger includes a conductive element located at least partially within the pavement section volume and is configured to emit a magnetic field toward the top surface of the pavement section volume to wirelessly transfer electric power to the vehicle. The conductive element defines a profile with an outer radius that is located at least two and a half centimeters (2.5 cm) away from the side surfaces of the pavement section volume.

Abstract: A roadway section enables dynamic wireless power transfer to a vehicle. The roadway section comprises pavement material and a wireless power charger. The pavement material defines a pavement section volume having a top surface on which the vehicle traverses. The wireless power charger includes a conductive element located at least partially within the pavement section volume and configured to emit a magnetic field toward the top surface of the pavement section volume to wirelessly transfer electric power to the vehicle. The conductive element includes an upper surface that is located at least five centimeters (5 cm) below the top surface of the pavement section volume.

Abstract: A wireless charging system for a road. The wireless charging system comprises a wireless communication transceiver embedded within the road. The wireless communication transceiver is configured to communicate with a vehicle traveling on the road. The wireless charging system additionally comprises a wireless power charger embedded within the road. The wireless power charger is configured to transmit energy wirelessly to the vehicle. The wireless power charger further comprises at least one control processor in communication with the wireless communication transceiver and the wireless power charge. The control processor is configured to control the wireless power charger based on data regarding the vehicle obtained from the wireless communication transceiver.

Abstract: A modular pavement slab comprises a body, a strain sensor array, and a sensor processor. The body includes a top surface, a bottom surface, and four side surfaces. The modular pavement slab is configured to be coupled to at least one other modular pavement slab via connectors along at least one of the side surfaces. The strain sensor array is retained within the body and is configured to detect a plurality of strains on the body resulting from vehicular traffic across the top surface of the body. The sensor processor is in communication with the strain sensor array. The sensor processor is configured to communicate input signals to the strain sensor array, receive output signals from the strain sensor array, and determine a plurality of time-varying strain values, each strain value indicating a strain experienced over time by a successive one of a plurality of regions of the body.

Abstract: A system for pavement slab analysis based on data regarding transfer of force through a sensing volume responsive to exertion of weight on the sensing volume by passing objects including a precast pavement slab defining the sensing volume and having a top surface, a plurality of strain gauges embedded in the pavement slab within the sensing volume, and load-transferring connector(s) attaching the pavement slab to an adjacent slab. The strain gauges are distributed across an XY coordinate plane parallel to the top surface. The system also includes a processing element and computer-readable instructions for receipt of electrical signals from the strain gauges and to analysis of the electrical signals to determine one or more of the following: (A) risk of a structural defect in the pavement slab, (B) risk of a problem with underlying sub-grade beneath the pavement slab, and (C) movement of the passing objects across the top surface.

Abstract: A roadway segment includes a body having a length along a direction of travel, a width along a width axis, and top and bottom halves along a depth axis. The segment also includes a strain sensor array with one or more optical fiber cables embedded in the bottom half of the body. The strain sensor array includes vehicle-strain sensors configured to detect strain on the body resulting from vehicles traveling across the top surface. The segment also includes a processor that operates the plurality of vehicle-strain sensors at a resolution of not greater than one picometer (1 pm). Any segments of the optical fiber cable(s) that intersect are separated from one another depth wise by at least two-tenths of an inch (0.2 in.). Each of the sensors is separated from each other along the width axis by at least two inches (2 in.).

Abstract: A modular pavement slab including a paving material set around a plurality of forming tools and defining a side face and a top surface. Each of the forming tools includes an elongate body extending along a longitudinal axis and having a sidewall exterior surface configured for removal of the elongate body through the side face. Each of the forming tools also includes a riser releasably coupled to the elongate body and extending in a direction noncollinear to the corresponding longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A modular pavement slab comprises a body, a strain sensor array, and a sensor processor. The body includes a top surface, a bottom surface, and four side surfaces. The modular pavement slab is configured to be coupled to at least one other modular pavement slab via connectors along at least one of the side surfaces. The strain sensor array is retained within the body and is configured to detect a plurality of strains on the body resulting from vehicular traffic across the top surface of the body. The sensor processor is in communication with the strain sensor array. The sensor processor is configured to communicate input signals to the strain sensor array, receive output signals from the strain sensor array, and determine a plurality of time-varying strain values, each strain value indicating a strain experienced over time by a successive one of a plurality of regions of the body.

Abstract: A modular pavement slab comprises a body, a strain sensor array, and a sensor processor. The body includes a top surface, a bottom surface, and four side surfaces. The modular pavement slab is configured to be coupled to at least one other modular pavement slab via connectors along at least one of the side surfaces. The strain sensor array is retained within the body and is configured to detect a plurality of strains on the body resulting from vehicular traffic across the top surface of the body. The sensor processor is in communication with the strain sensor array. The sensor processor is configured to communicate input signals to the strain sensor array, receive output signals from the strain sensor array, and determine a plurality of time-varying strain values, each strain value indicating a strain experienced over time by a successive one of a plurality of regions of the body.

Abstract: A modular pavement slab including a paving material set around a plurality of forming tools and defining a side face and a top surface. Each of the forming tools includes an elongate body extending along a longitudinal axis and having a sidewall exterior surface configured for removal of the elongate body through the side face. Each of the forming tools also includes a riser releasably coupled to the elongate body and extending in a direction noncollinear to the corresponding longitudinal axis.