Abstract: Systems for transmitting information from terminal systems (1) via access multiplexers (3) comprising virtual forwarder systems (5) to networks are made less complex by inserting at the terminal systems (1) virtual forwarder internet protocol addresses (35,64,66) into destination fields of internet protocol headers for heading the information and by inserting destination internet protocol addresses (36,37,38,65,67) into routing fields of the internet protocol headers. Both the terminal systems (1) and the access multiplexers (3) should be made capable of dealing with internet protocol headers of the internet protocol version-4 or the internet protocol version-6 or higher, which comprise a destination field and a routing field.

Abstract: Interpretation systems for interpreting reflectometry information are provided with modules for making interpretations, with each module comprising a generating module-part, a testing module-part, and a debugging module-part, and with one module being a generating system-part for a next module and with said next module being a testing system-part and a debugging system-part for said one module, to introduce improved intelligence. These interpretation systems have double-level Generate-Test-Debug (GTD) structures, two at module level as well as one at system level. This improved intelligence can be further improved by introducing a third module resulting in three GTD structures at module level and two GTD structures at system level. Interpretations are pulse-based, energy-based, simulation-based for rough, medium, and precise interpretation for increasing the efficiency of the improved intelligence.

Abstract: Access nodes (1) for giving client devices (2,3) access to internet networks (5) comprise detectors (11) for detecting request messages in client information defining requests for receiving media contents and are provided with processors (12) for processing detections of the request messages for gathering statistical information about the media contents. The statistical information comprises viewing figures per media content. Further request messages in the client information define further requests for finishing receptions of the media contents for gathering further statistical information. The further statistical information comprises timing figures per media content. Data messages define client data with respect to the media contents for gathering yet further statistical information. The yet further statistical information comprises appreciation figures and/or yet further viewing figures per media content.

Abstract: Network units (1) for exchanging signals (20-70) comprising information (50) at layers (500) higher than internet protocol layers (300) comprise detector systems (2,3) arranged to detect fields of the information (50). To improve the detections of a status of priority, of fragmentation and/or of aggregation, the signal (20-70) is provided with further information (60) at further layers (600) higher than the layers (500) and the detector systems (2,3) are arranged to, in response to detections of the fields of the information (50), detect further fields of the further information (60). The further layers (600) comprise codec independent layers and yet further layers (700) higher than the further layers (600) comprises codec dependent layers. The layers (500) comprise real time protocol layers, the further layers (600) comprise generic real time protocol payload formats for transport abstractions and the yet further layers (700) comprise real time protocol payload formats for specific codec's.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for encoding a multimedia content, and comprising the steps of: encoding the multimedia content into hierarchical elementary streams, parsing the elementary streams into data packets for further transmission through a network towards a decoding unit, receiving a request whereby the decoding unit requests delivery of at least one required elementary stream. A method according to the invention further comprises the steps of: discriminating within the data packets between first data packets that compose the at least one required elementary stream, and second data packets that do not, assigning one first network priority to the first data packets, and assigning at least one second network priority, lower than the first network priority, to the second data packets, transmitting the first data packets and the second data packets towards the decoding unit. The present invention also relates to an encoding unit implementing a method according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zapping agent that receives a zap signal from a particular user, whereby a new channel is requested. A zapping agent according to the invention caches, as a background task, the last-forwarded GoP of the new channel into memory, and upon receipt of the zap signal, resumes transmission from the first frame of that GoP onwards. As soon as a new anchor frame is available for further forwarding, the zapping agent stops transmitting frames from the cache memory, and starts forwarding the real stream. This may result in a small mismatch (visual glitch). Yet, by so doing, the decoder can start displaying moving pictures of the new channel faster, thereby improving the system latency and the user experience. Such a zapping agent may form part of interalia an edge device, or a video server.

Abstract: Systems for transmitting information from terminal systems (1) via access multiplexers (3) comprising virtual forwarder systems (5) to networks are made less complex by inserting at the terminal systems (1) virtual forwarder internet protocol addresses (35,64,66) into destination fields of internet protocol headers for heading the information and by inserting destination internet protocol addresses (36,37,38,65,67) into routing fields of the internet protocol headers. Both the terminal systems (1) and the access multiplexers (3) should be made capable of dealing with internet protocol headers of the internet protocol version-4 or the internet protocol version-6 or higher, which comprise a destination field and a routing field.

Abstract: Interpretation systems (IS) for interpreting reflectometry information are provided with modules (M1,M2) for making interpretations, with each module comprising a generating module-part (G1,G2), a testing module-part (T1,T2) and a debugging module-part (D1,D2), and with one module being a generating system-part for a next module and with said next module being a testing system-part and a debugging system-part for said one module, to introduce improved (for example artificial) intelligence. These interpretation systems (IS) have double-level Generate-Test-Debug-structure or GTD-structures, two at module level as well as one at system level. This improved intelligence can be (further) improved by introducing a third module (M3) resulting in three GTD-structures at module level and two GTD-structures at system level. Interpretations are pulse-based, energy-based, simulation-based for rough, medium, precise interpretation for increasing the efficiency of the improved intelligence.