Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining properties of hygroscopic material in real-time during modification wherein, in the method, pieces of hygroscopic material to be modified are stacked and a batch of the hygroscopic material (15) being thereby formed is placed in a modification chamber (11) of a modification apparatus (10) wherein the pieces of the hygroscopic material to be modified are modified. In the method according to the invention at least weight, volume, amount of water in the batch of the hygroscopic material as well as average moisture content of the batch of the hygroscopic material (15) are determined before modification and/or at least once during and/or after modification of the batch of the hygroscopic material (15). The invention relates also to an apparatus for determining properties of hygroscopic material in real-time during modification of the batch of the hygroscopic material (15).

Abstract: An invention relates to thermal or thermomechanical processing of hygroscopic material to adjust the material properties. The invention concerns a modification arrangement for the hygroscopic material. The modification arrangement comprises a modification unit (202) and a fluid container (204) that is coupled with a control valve (205) to at least one fluid aperture (203). The modification arrangement is configured for heating the hygroscopic material in the modification unit (202) to extract water from it and, in response to opening of the control valve (205), leading fluid from the fluid container through said at least one fluid aperture (203) into the modification unit (202). The modification arrangement further comprises a treatment agent (207) added to the fluid so that the treatment agent (207) is absorbed into the hygroscopic material and modifies it.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for reducing the consumption of safety gas in a fuel cell system having at least one fuel cell unit whose fuel cells include an anode side and a cathode side, as well as an electrolyte interposed therebetween. A supply is provided for supplying the anode with a safety gas, and an exhaust is provided for exhausting the fuel cell unit of a spent safety gas coming from the anode side. The method can adapt a specific percentage of the spent safety gas flow coming from the anode side of the fuel cells to be re-supplied into the anode side of the fuel cells.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a fuel cell device arrangement for producing electrical energy, having at least one fuel cell anode and cathode, an electrolyte for conveying ions between the anode and the cathode, and a passage separate from the electrolyte for the electrons travelling from the anode to the cathode. A control arrangement can prevent the formation of carbon by calculating a thermodynamic equilibrium model based on thermodynamic equilibriums of chemical reactions for the feedback recirculation of fuel. Measurement values are obtained, at least from the electric current and the fuel flow rate, for calculating the fuel composition. Conversion values set on the basis of the thermodynamic equilibrium model for the fuel are calculated using the measurement values and fuel composition.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for reducing the consumption of safety gas in a fuel cell system having at least one fuel cell unit whose fuel cells include an anode side and a cathode side, as well as an electrolyte interposed therebetween. A supply is provided for supplying the anode with a safety gas, and an exhaust is provided for exhausting the fuel cell unit of a spent safety gas coming from the anode side. The method can adapt a specific percentage of the spent safety gas flow coming from the anode side of the fuel cells to be re-supplied into the anode side of the fuel cells.