Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide systems and methods for monitoring of manufacturing processes and tracking of production byproducts. Monitoring of manufacturing processes and tracking of production by-products can comprise reading a Bill of Materials (BOM) for a product. A component cost value for a by-product can be assigned for each component of the plurality of components in the BOM for the product. A process cost value for the by-product can be calculated for each manufacturing process of a plurality of manufacturing processes to produce the product using the plurality of components. The component cost value for the by-product for each component and the process cost value for the by-product for each manufacturing process can be accumulated into a total by-product cost value for the product. The total by-product cost value for the product can be provided.

Abstract: A linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), includes a hollow bobbin with first and second ends, a ferromagnetic core adapted for linear movement within the bobbin, a primary coil wound around the exterior of the bobbin, and first and second secondary coils wound around the primary coil. The first and second secondary coils are wound from starting points at the first and second bobbin ends, respectively. The seconardy coils are then wound continuously and simultaneously toward the opposite bobbin ends, so that the two secondary coils cross over each other at a cross-over point approximately halfway between the bobbin ends. The second secondary coil thus overlaps the first secondary coil between the cross-over point and the first bobbin end, and the first secondary coil overlaps the second secondary coil between the cross-over point and the second bobbin end. Each of the secondary coils has a sufficient continuous length to overlay substantially the entire length of the primary coil.