Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to devices that administer single or multiple doses of one or more substances to the eye, nose, or ear of a user. The precise and repeatable dosing features of the presently disclosed devices overcome many of the disadvantages associated with known methods for dispensing substances to, for example, the eye of a user. The devices administer precise doses of a substance to a precise location from ampoules that may be single-dose or two-dose ampoules, which may be externally or internally pierced.

Abstract: A method and structure for suppressing localized metal precipitate formation (LMPF) in semiconductor processing. For each metal wire that is exposed to the manufacturing environment and is electrically coupled to an N region, at least one P+ region is formed electrically coupled to the same metal wire. As a result, few excess electrons are available to combine with metal ions to form localized metal precipitate at the metal wire. A monitoring ramp terminal can be formed around and electrically disconnected from the metal wire. By applying a voltage difference to the metal wire and the monitoring ramp terminal and measuring the resulting current flowing through the metal wire and the monitoring ramp terminal, it can be determined whether localized metal precipitate is formed at the metal wire.

Abstract: A method, structure and design method for dissipating charge during fabrication of an integrated circuit. The structure includes: a substrate contact in a substrate; one or more wiring levels over the substrate; one or more electrically conductive charge dissipation structures extending from a top surface of an uppermost wiring level of the one or more wiring levels through each lower wiring level of the one or more wiring levels to and in electrical contact with the substrate contact; and circuit structures in the substrate and in the one or more wiring layers, the charge dissipation structures not electrically contacting any the circuit structures in any of the one or more wiring levels, the one or more charge dissipation structures dispersed between the circuit structures.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying both profile and user customizations to an application user interface are provided. Profile customizations, created for a specialized use or field, are adapted to an application user interface, which has command-menu-toolbar contributions from various add-in modules. The user has access to the customizations through a user interface. Then, as a user is customizing the application, through commands, toolbars, and menus, the user customizations are tagged. A priority and group is assigned to each customization to allow for relative positioning of each customization. The difference between the user's final desired state and a reset state is computed. This difference computation is used to track the changes made to the application and to assist in resets of the customizations.

Abstract: An on-chip, ultra-compact, and programmable semiconductor resistor device and device structure and a method of fabrication. Each semiconductor resistor device structure is formed of one or more conductively connected buried trench type resistor elements exhibiting a precise resistor value. At least two semiconductor resistor device structures may be connected in series or in parallel configuration through the intermediary of one or more fuse devices that may be blown to achieve a desired total resistance value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing the number of challenge messages that are sent in response to an incoming message in situations where the incoming message is likely not unsolicited. The systems and methods include evaluating the behavior of a sender with regard to one or more federated messaging services and determining if the sender is approved or unapproved. If the sender is approved, the incoming message is deliver to a recipient's inbox without issuing a challenge message. Unapproved senders are required to respond to a challenge message.

Abstract: An electronic structure having wiring, and an associated method of designing the structure, for limiting a temperature gradient in the wiring. The electronic structure includes a substrate having a layer that includes a first and second wire which do not physically touch each other. The first and second wires are adapted to be at an elevated temperature due to Joule heating in relation to electrical current density in the first and second wires. The first wire is electrically and thermally coupled to the second wire by an electrically and thermally conductive structure that exists outside of the layer. The width of the second wire is tailored so as to limit a temperature gradient in the first wire to be below a threshold value that is predetermined to be sufficiently small so as to substantially mitigate adverse effects of electromigration in the first wire.

Abstract: A manipulator for a fiber optic cable assembly (FOCA) provides microradian accuracy in control of the direction of a beam emanating from the FOCA. Such manipulators can control FOCAs to control the incidence angles of beams at a beam combiner in a beam-combining unit. Accordingly, fewer additional optical elements are required for control of input paths in the beam-combining unit. The manipulator and the beam-combining unit are accurate enough for use in an interferometer that combines beams with different frequencies and polarizations. One such interferometer includes a Zeeman split laser providing a heterodyne beam. A beam splitter separates frequency components of the beams, and AOMs increase the frequency separation between the separated beams. The separated beams can be sent via optical fibers to the beam-combining unit, which combines the beams for use in interferometer optics.

Abstract: Systems and methods for allowing challenge messages to be sent directly to a recipient's inbox where normally the challenge message would be sent to a pending folder or deleted. Challenge messages sent between federated messaging services contain a federated token which can be identified, authenticated and validated to determine whether the challenge message should be sent to a recipient's inbox. The federated token can include an authentication portion and a validation portion. Authentication methods for the authentication portion can include, for example, checksums, salts, hashes and digital signatures. Once a federated token is authenticated by decrypting the authentication portion according to one or more of these authentication methods, the federated token is validated by determining the defined use-base and determining whether the receipt of the federated token satisfies the defined use.

Abstract: A thermo-mechanical cleavable structure is provided and may be used as a programmable fuse for integrated circuits. As applied to a programmable fuse, the thermo-mechanical cleavable structure includes an electrically conductive cleavable layer adjacent to a thermo-mechanical stressor. As electricity is passed through the cleavable layer, the cleavable layer and the thermo-mechanical stressor are heated and gas evolves from the thermo-mechanical stressor. The gas locally insulates the thermo-mechanical stressor, causing local melting adjacent to the bubbles in the thermo-mechanical stressor and the cleavable structure forming cleaving sites. The melting also interrupts the current flow through the cleavable structure so the cleavable structure cools and contracts. The thermo-mechanical stressor also contracts due to a phase change caused by the evolution of gas therefrom. As the thermo-mechanical cleavable structure cools, the cleaving sites expand causing gaps to be permanently formed therein.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a process, comprising: flowing a first reactant feed stream comprising a reactant substrate and a second reactant feed stream comprising an alkylating agent, an acylating agent or a mixture thereof, in a process microchannel in contact with each other to form a product comprising at least one alkylation product, at least one acylation product, or a mixture thereof; transferring heat from the process microchannel to a heat sink; and removing the product from the process microchannel.

Abstract: Multi-directional currents are generated in a medium by cyclically reversing the direction of a conventional current applied to at least one of at least two electrodes so that an electromotive force (EMF) pulse travels from side of the electrode to the other, changing the direction of current in the medium. The multi-directional currents may be used to accelerate electrolytic processes such as generation of hydrogen by water electrolysis, to sterilize water for drinking, to supply charging current to a battery or capacitor, including a capacitive thrust module, in a way that extends the life and/or improves the performance of the battery or capacitor, to increase the range of an electromagnetic projectile launcher, and to increase the light output of a cold cathode light tube, to name just a few of the potential applications for the multi-directional currents.

Abstract: Novel structures and methods for evaluating lines in semiconductor integrated circuits. A first plurality of lines can be formed on a wafer each of which comprises multiple line sections. All the line sections are of the same length. The electrical resistances of the line sections are measured. Then, a first line geometry adjustment is determined based on the electrical resistances of all the sections of all the lines. The first line geometry adjustment represents an effective reduction of cross-section size of the lines due to grain boundary electrical resistance. A second plurality of lines of same length and thickness can be formed on the same wafer. Then, second and third line geometry adjustments can be determined based on the electrical resistances of these lines measured at different temperatures. The second and third line geometry adjustments represent an effective reduction of cross-section size of the lines due to grain boundary electrical resistance and line surface roughness.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a process for making a multiphase mixture, comprising: flowing a first fluid stream through a process microchannel, the first fluid stream comprising at least one liquid and/or at least one gas, the process microchannel having an apertured section; flowing a second fluid stream through the apertured section into the process microchannel in contact with the first fluid stream to form the multiphase mixture, the second fluid stream comprising at least one gas and/or at least one microbody-forming material, the first fluid stream forming a continuous phase in the multiphase mixture, the second fluid stream forming a discontinuous phase dispersed in the continuous phase.

Abstract: A fiber-forming bushing comprises a tip plate and a lateral support. The tip plate comprises at least two tip sections and the section spacing between the tip sections. The lateral support extends laterally along the section spacing.

Abstract: An interferometer includes a source of a heterodyne beam including frequency components having frequency components with orthogonal linear polarizations. A beam splitter separates frequency components of the heterodyne beams, and one or more AOMs increase the frequency separation between the separated beams. The separated beams can be sent via optical fibers to a beam-combining unit, which combines the beams for use in interferometer optics.

Abstract: An on-chip, ultra-compact, and programmable semiconductor resistor device and device structure and a method of fabrication. Each semiconductor resistor device structure is formed of one or more conductively connected buried trench type resistor elements exhibiting a precise resistor value. At least two semiconductor resistor device structures may be connected in series or in parallel configuration through the intermediary of one or more fuse devices that may be blown to achieve a desired total resistance value.

Abstract: A system may include an electronic messaging management application that may access contact information. The contact information may include information maintained by one or more system users. The electronic messaging management application may determine how to process an incoming electronic message using at least a portion of the contact information. The electronic messaging management application may determine whether to send a challenge-response message to a sender of an electronic message using at least a portion of the contact information.

Abstract: A method and structure for suppressing localized metal precipitate formation (LMPF) in semiconductor processing. For each metal wire that is exposed to the manufacturing environment and is electrically coupled to an N region, at least one P+ region is formed electrically coupled to the same metal wire. As a result, few excess electrons are available to combine with metal ions to form localized metal precipitate at the metal wire. A monitoring ramp terminal can be formed around and electrically disconnected from the metal wire. By applying a voltage difference to the metal wire and the monitoring ramp terminal and measuring the resulting current flowing through the metal wire and the monitoring ramp terminal, it can be determined whether localized metal precipitate is formed at the metal wire.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for verifying that a user owns a remote account. When a user specifies from a local account a remote account to which the user desires access, an authentication server connected to the local account sends a verification message to the remote account, addressed to the remote address specified by the user. The verification message contains a marker which is irreproducible by a third party. The verification message is returned or retrieved and the marker is analyzed to determine whether it is authentic. The receipt of the marker may also have to satisfy certain use-based requirements. If the marker is validated, the user is allowed to access the remote account.