Abstract: A method for preparing a hydrogel comprising mixing a solution of a polymer with a photoinitiator, where the polymer comprises multiple subunits each having a non-aromatic unsaturated functional group, and irradiating the mixture with visible light to produce the hydrogel.

Abstract: A method for preparing a hydrogel comprising mixing a solution of a polymer with a photoinitiator, where the polymer comprises multiple subunits each having a non-aromatic unsaturated functional group, and irradiating the mixture with visible light to produce the hydrogel.

Abstract: A method of forming a product such as a biomedical implant of Mg or Al includes computationally designing the product including a controlled porous architecture, producing a positive model of the product, infiltrating the model with a salt-containing paste, drying the paste, removing the material comprising the positive model leaving a negative salt template, infiltrating the salt template with molten Mg or Al or alloy, allowing the Mg or Al or alloy to solidify, and removing the salt template to leave the Mg or Al or alloy product with the controlled porous architecture. In some embodiments the method includes controlling the Mg or Al infiltration pressure to control the extent to which a texture or pattern of the internal surfaces of the model is imprinted on the internal surfaces of the end product.