Abstract: A redox battery energy storage system including multiple energy storage stacks having multiple reactor cells is disclosed. Each of the energy storage stacks may include an integrated DC/DC converter configured to convert an output voltage of the stacks to a higher output voltage. The output of the DC/DC converts may be coupled in parallel to an energy storage system output bus. By configuring the energy storage system in this manner, inefficiencies and losses caused by shunt electrical currents in the systems may be decreased.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes a vanadium redox battery that interfaces with a control system to optimize performance and efficiency. The control system calculates optimal pump speeds, electrolyte temperature ranges, and charge and discharge rates. The control system instructs the vanadium redox battery to operate in accordance with the prescribed parameters. The control system further calculates optimal temperature ranges and charge and discharge rates for the vanadium redox battery.

Abstract: A redox battery energy storage system including multiple energy storage stacks having multiple reactor cells is disclosed. Each of the energy storage stacks may include an integrated DC/DC converter configured to convert an output voltage of the stacks to a higher output voltage. The output of the DC/DC converts may be coupled in parallel to an energy storage system output bus. By configuring the energy storage system in this manner, inefficiencies and losses caused by shunt electrical currents in the systems may be decreased.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes a vanadium redox battery that interfaces with a control system to optimize performance and efficiency. The control system calculates optimal pump speeds, electrolyte temperature ranges, and charge and discharge rates. The control system instructs the vanadium redox battery to operate in accordance with the prescribed parameters. The control system further calculates optimal temperature ranges and charge and discharge rates for the vanadium redox battery.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes a vanadium redox battery that interfaces with a control system to optimize performance and efficiency. The control system calculates optimal pump speeds, electrolyte temperature ranges, and charge and discharge rates. The control system instructs the vanadium redox battery to operate in accordance with the prescribed parameters. The control system further calculates optimal temperature ranges and charge and discharge rates for the vanadium redox battery.

Abstract: A vanadium redox battery energy storage system (“VRB-ESS”) capable of modularly incorporating additional electrolyte reservoirs to increase energy capacity while allowing for efficient low-volume operation is disclosed. The VRB-ESS of the present invention may efficiently operate using a first volume of electrolyte solution, while maintaining a second volume of electrolyte solution to be made available to the VRB-ESS as additional energy storage capacity is required. Additionally, a cap mechanism to allow the VRB-ESS of the present invention to employ an industry standard IBC container as a secondary electrolyte reservoir is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved redox battery energy storage system is disclosed for reducing oxygen gas levels and separating oxygen gas from hydrogen gas, thus reducing the likelihood of flammable gas explosions. The system includes at least one cell, which includes a positive compartment having positive solution, a negative compartment having negative solution, and a membrane separating the positive and negative compartments. A positive reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's positive compartment, the positive reservoir defining a positive vent space for positive gas, which includes oxygen. A negative reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's negative compartment, the negative reservoir defining a negative vent space. A return line is in fluid communication with the negative compartment and the negative reservoir to return the negative solution from the cell to the negative reservoir through the negative vent space.

Abstract: A vanadium redox battery energy storage system (“VRB-ESS”) capable of modularly incorporating additional electrolyte reservoirs to increase energy capacity while allowing for efficient low-volume operation is disclosed. The VRB-ESS of the present invention may efficiently operate using a first volume of electrolyte solution, while maintaining a second volume of electrolyte solution to be made available to the VRB-ESS as additional energy storage capacity is required. Additionally, a cap mechanism to allow the VRB-ESS of the present invention to employ an industry standard IBC container as a secondary electrolyte reservoir is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved redox battery energy storage system is disclosed for reducing oxygen gas levels and separating oxygen gas from hydrogen gas, thus reducing the likelihood of flammable gas explosions. The system includes at least one cell, which includes a positive compartment having positive solution, a negative compartment having negative solution, and a membrane separating the positive and negative compartments. A positive reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's positive compartment, the positive reservoir defining a positive vent space for positive gas, which includes oxygen. A negative reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's negative compartment, the negative reservoir defining a negative vent space. A return line is in fluid communication with the negative compartment and the negative reservoir to return the negative solution from the cell to the negative reservoir through the negative vent space.

Abstract: A self-healing power grid control system includes a power grid having a plurality of network islands with a plurality of linear and non-linear loads. A plurality of control sensors communicate with the power grid to monitor the electrical characteristics of the power grid. A plurality of controlled relays are in electrical communication with the plurality of non-linear loads. A battery energy storage system (ESS) is in electrical communication with a main power source and a network island. A first restoration controller is in electrical communication with the control sensors, the controlled relays, and with the battery ESS. The first restoration controller receives control signals from the control sensors, and in response to detecting an irregularity in the power grid, automatically actuates the battery ESS to stabilize power to the linear loads, and disconnects selected controlled relays to disconnect power to a calculated percentage of the non-linear loads.

Abstract: A power generation system includes a vanadium redox battery that interfaces with a control system to optimize performance and efficiency. The power generation system may include one or more wind turbine generators and one or more diesel fuel generators. The control system manages the vanadium redox battery's absorption and power generation to control system stability and system frequency. The control system further manages the operation of the wind turbine generators and diesel fuel generators to control system stability and voltage.

Abstract: A self-healing power grid control system includes a power grid having a plurality of network islands with a plurality of linear and non-linear loads. A plurality of control sensors communicate with the power grid to monitor the electrical characteristics of the power grid. A plurality of controlled relays are in electrical communication with the plurality of non-linear loads. A battery energy storage system (ESS) is in electrical communication with a main power source and a network island. A first restoration controller is in electrical communication with the control sensors, the controlled relays, and with the battery ESS. The first restoration controller receives control signals from the control sensors, and in response to detecting an irregularity in the power grid, automatically actuates the battery ESS to stabilize power to the linear loads, and disconnects selected controlled relays to disconnect power to a calculated percentage of the non-linear loads.

Abstract: A power generation system with a predetermined rating limit includes one or more wind turbine generators and a vanadium redox battery. The vanadium redox battery absorbs excess energy to ensure that the rating limit is not exceeded, provide system stability, and improve power generation availability. The power generation system may further include a control system to manage the vanadium redox battery's absorption and power generation to control system stability and system frequency.

Abstract: A self-healing power grid control system includes a power grid having a plurality of network islands with a plurality of linear and non-linear loads. A plurality of control sensors communicate with the power grid to monitor the electrical characteristics of the power grid. A plurality of controlled relays are in electrical communication with the plurality of non-linear loads. A battery energy storage system (ESS) is in electrical communication with a main power source and a network island. A first restoration controller is in electrical communication with the control sensors, the controlled relays, and with the battery ESS. The first restoration controller receives control signals from the control sensors, and in response to detecting an irregularity in the power grid, automatically actuates the battery ESS to stabilize power to the linear loads, and disconnects selected controlled relays to disconnect power to a calculated percentage of the non-linear loads.

Abstract: A telecommunication system incorporates a vanadium redox battery energy storage system. The vanadium redox battery energy storage system receives and is charged by DC power. Upon power interruption, telecommunication equipment relies on the vanadium redox battery energy storage system to receive DC power. A charger/rectifier monitors received AC power to determine if an AC power interruption is occurring and initiates DC power transmission from the vanadium redox battery energy storage system to the telecommunication equipment.