Abstract: Systems, devices and methods for the treatment of bladder conditions using bladder visualization without the need for optical elements and for subsequent direct electrical pacing are provided. The systems, devices and methods generally apply pacing stimulus directly to the bladder wall, from one or more of the inner and outer bladder surfaces.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the treatment of bladder conditions using direct electrical pacing are provided. The systems and methods generally apply high-frequency pacing stimuli directly to the bladder wall, from one or more of the inner and outer bladder surfaces.

Abstract: Methods of treating tissue of a patient, e.g., tissue of an organ such that the bladder, are described. The methods may comprise inserting a medical device within the bladder; and injecting a composition to separate a first layer of tissue from a second layer of tissue. The composition may comprise at least one polysaccharide compound having a concentration ranging from approximately 0.05% to approximately 25% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the composition. The composition may at least partially separate the first layer of tissue from the second layer of tissue. At least one of the first layer of tissue or the second layer of tissue may be a detrusor muscle tissue.

Abstract: Methods and devices for identifying a treatment site are disclosed. The methods may include engaging a plurality electrodes with plurality of locations on or adjacent an interior wall of a patient. The methods may also include generating a pacing stimulus through a first pair of the plurality of electrodes and measuring a resulting electrical activity. The methods may also include identifying at least one site for treatment based on the resulting electrical activity. The devices may include elements configured to perform these methods.

Abstract: According to one aspect, a medical device may include a luminal element configured for insertion into a natural body lumen. The medical device may further include a tool configured to be received within the luminal element. The tool may include a plurality of operating members. Each of the operating members may include an elongate member and a cutting member. The cutting member may be located at a distal end of the elongate member. Further, the cutting member of a first operating member of the plurality of operating members may be rotatable with respect to the cutting member of a second operating member of the plurality of operating members.

Abstract: Nanometer-scale sensors useful in the detection of biological and chemical entities are formed from a protein rod body portion 41, a magnetic particle 42 affixed to the protein rod body portion 41; and an analyte binding moiety 43 disposed on the protein rod body portion 41 at a location remote from the magnetic particle 42, The analyte binding moiety specifically binds to the analyte 44 to form a sensor-analyte complex. The protein rod body portion may be formed from a tail fiber protein from a T even bacteriophage or a derivative thereof. Interaction of the analyte with the sensor will change the overall shape and size, and thus the ability of the sensor to move within a liquid sample in response to an applied magnetic field. Interaction can therefore be observed as a change in magnetic susceptibility or in relaxation time compared to that of a sensor in the absence of the analyte.