Abstract: An adjustable retractor blade and retractor system are disclosed. The retractor blade includes a fixed portion, extendible portion, and means for adjusting the length of the retractor blade. The means for adjusting may include a threaded rod engaging the fixed portion with the extendible portion. In one aspect, the extendible portion includes a plurality of stackable members, with the length of the adjustable blade adjusted by attaching stackable members. In one aspect, the fixed portion includes a plurality of holes, and the extendible portion includes at least one post, the plurality of holes configured to receive the at least one post, with the length of the adjustable blade adjusted by slidably displacing the extendible portion until the at least one post engages with at least one of the plurality of holes. Methods are provided for adjusting the length of a retractor blade.

Abstract: An adjustable length laparoscopic instrument is provided. The instrument includes a shaft with a shaft distal end and a shaft proximal end. The instrument further includes an actuation rod with an actuation rode distal end and an actuation rod proximal end. The actuation rod is receivable by the shaft such that the actuation rod can translate longitudinally relative to the shaft to actuate an end effector. The instrument further includes a handle configured to hold the shaft and the actuation rod. The handle is configured to cause the actuation rod to translate longitudinally relative to the shaft to actuate the end effector. The instrument further includes a length adjustment mechanism configured to adjust a shaft length. The shaft length is defined between the handle and the shaft distal end.

Abstract: An adjustable length laparoscopic instrument is provided. The instrument includes a shaft with a shaft distal end and a shaft proximal end. The instrument further includes an actuation rod with an actuation rode distal end and an actuation rod proximal end. The actuation rod is receivable by the shaft such that the actuation rod can translate longitudinally relative to the shaft to actuate an end effector. The instrument further includes a handle configured to hold the shaft and the actuation rod. The handle is configured to cause the actuation rod to translate longitudinally relative to the shaft to actuate the end effector. The instrument further includes a length adjustment mechanism configured to adjust a shaft length. The shaft length is defined between the handle and the shaft distal end.

Abstract: An adjustable retractor blade and retractor system are disclosed. The retractor blade includes a fixed portion, extendible portion, and means for adjusting the length of the retractor blade. The means for adjusting may include a threaded rod engaging the fixed portion with the extendible portion. In one aspect, the extendible portion includes a plurality of stackable members, with the length of the adjustable blade adjusted by attaching stackable members. In one aspect, the fixed portion includes a plurality of holes, and the extendible portion includes at least one post, the plurality of holes configured to receive the at least one post, with the length of the adjustable blade adjusted by slidably displacing the extendible portion until the at least one post engages with at least one of the plurality of holes. Methods are provided for adjusting the length of a retractor blade.

Abstract: A vapor apparatus for the pulmonary administration of combustible substances includes a vessel capable of holding liquids, a stem for holding a nail assembly, a nail assembly for heating the combustible substances, a user interface for determining heating temperature and heating duration, and an elongate neck for the user's mouth. Other embodiments include a remote interface, a removable neck, a percolator, and sensors for determining attributes of the combustible material. The vapor apparatus may further include a tool for sealing the combustible material and manipulating the combustible material. Fans can be added for forcing air through the apparatus.