Abstract: Water treatment compositions useful to decrease surface tension of cooling tower waters are provided as are treated cooling tower waters. The compositions increase the transfer of heat from metal surfaces in contact with the treated cooling water. The increased heat transfer can decrease energy use, for example, in water-cooled HVAC and refrigeration compressors, and can enable increased production rates in many industrial processes, including, for example, plastics molding, metal billet production, petroleum refining, power plants, and condensers for steam turbines. Also provided are cooling tower water compositions formulated to control corrosion, scale, and deposition in a cooling tower and in treated cooling tower water.

Abstract: Water treatment compositions useful to decrease surface tension of cooling tower waters are provided as are treated cooling tower waters. The compositions increase the transfer of heat from metal surfaces in contact with the treated cooling water. The increased heat transfer can decrease energy use, for example, in water-cooled HVAC and refrigeration compressors, and can enable increased production rates in many industrial processes, including, for example, plastics molding, metal billet production, petroleum refining, power plants, and condensers for steam turbines. Also provided are cooling tower water compositions formulated to control corrosion, scale, and deposition in a cooling tower and in treated cooling tower water.

Abstract: Water-based colorant traced formulations (products) containing one or more water treatment agents, such as phosphonates, polyacrylic acids and/or polymers, co-polymers, terpolymers thereof, azoles, molybdate, polysilicates, phosphates, zinc, polyphosphates, etc., are provided wherein the water-soluble colorant is detectable in the visible light range of about 580-640 nm and is chemically inert relative to the water treatment agent(s). Measurement of an optical property of the colorant in the treated coolant water permits the concentration of the product therein to be ascertained, and the level of the product containing can be adjusted for controlling scale, corrosion, deposition, and/or microbial activity in commercial and/or industrial cooling water systems. These products may be reliably monitored and dosed to maintain a product level in treated water of 5 to 500 mg/L.

Abstract: Water-based colorant traced formulations (products) containing one or more water treatment agents, such as phosphonates, polyacrylic acids and/or polymers, co-polymers, terpolymers thereof, azoles, molybdate, polysilicates, phosphates, zinc, polyphosphates, etc., are provided wherein the water-soluble colorant is detectable in the visible light range of about 580-640 nm and is chemically inert relative to the water treatment agent(s). Measurement of an optical property of the colorant in the treated coolant water permits the concentration of the product therein to be ascertained, and the level of the product containing can be adjusted for controlling scale, corrosion, deposition, and/or microbial activity in commercial and/or industrial cooling water systems. These products may be reliably monitored and dosed to maintain a product level in treated water of 5 to 500 mg/L.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell is provided that can include: a first electrode plate including a first surface that can include a graphite material; a second electrode plate including a second surface that can include a graphite material opposing the first surface; an electrolytic reaction zone between the first surface and the second surface; and an inlet to and an outlet from the electrolytic reaction zone. The first electrode plate and the second electrode plate can include resin-impregnated monolithic graphite plates. The first electrode plate and the second electrode plate can form opposite internal walls of a chamber for the electrolytic reaction and thus can be provided without a container for containing the electrode plates. Methods are also provided for flow-through-resin-impregnating porous, monolithic graphite plates to form electrode plates.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell is provided that can include: a first electrode plate including a first surface that can include a graphite material; a second electrode plate including a second surface that can include a graphite material opposing the first surface; an electrolytic reaction zone between the first surface and the second surface; and an inlet to and an outlet from the electrolytic reaction zone. The first electrode plate and the second electrode plate can include impregnated graphite. The first electrode plate and the second electrode plate can essentially form a chamber for the electrolytic reaction. Methods are provided for using the electrolytic cells, a sodium chloride solution, and a sodium bromide solution, for on-site electrolytic production of hypobromite solution for use as a biocide in water systems.