Abstract: A system and method for monitoring and delivering medication to a patient. The system includes a controller that has a control algorithm and a closed loop control that monitors the control algorithm. A sensor is in communication with the controller and monitors a medical condition. A rule based application in the controller receives data from the sensor and the closed loop control and compares the data to predetermined medical information to determine the risk of automation of therapy to the patient. A system monitor is also in communication with the controller to monitor system, remote system, and network activity and conditions. The controller then provides a predetermined risk threshold where below the predetermined risk threshold automated closed loop medication therapy is provided. If the predetermined risk threshold is met or exceeded, automated therapy adjustments may not occur and user/clinician intervention is requested.

Abstract: To detect air in a fluid delivery line of an infusion system, infusion fluid is pumped through a fluid delivery line adjacent to at least one sensor. A signal is transmitted and received using the at least one sensor into and from the fluid delivery line. The at least one sensor is operated, using at least one processor, at a modified frequency which is different than a resonant frequency of the at least one sensor to reduce an amplitude of an output of the signal transmitted from the at least one sensor to a level which is lower than a saturation level of the analog-to-digital converter to avoid over-saturating the analog-to-digital converter. The signal received by the at least one sensor is converted from analog to digital using an analog-to-digital converter. The at least one processor determines whether air is in the fluid delivery line based on the converted digital signal.

Abstract: In example methods and systems described, insulin therapy for a patient can be determined. At least one of a short-acting subcutaneous insulin dosage recommendation, a correction subcutaneous insulin dosage recommendation, an intravenous insulin dosage recommendation, a recommended amount of carbohydrates to be administered to the patient, or combinations thereof, can be determined. In addition, information indicating a confirmation of a nutrition intake for the patient, and a long-acting insulin-on-board for the patient can be received, and based on this information, a required long-acting subcutaneous or intravenous insulin dosage for the patient can be determined. The short-acting subcutaneous or intravenous insulin dosage recommendation can be adjusted based, at least in part, on a difference between the long-acting insulin-on-board and the required long-acting subcutaneous or intravenous insulin dosage.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, spectra from the medium are deconstructed into features. Conditioned features, which contain frequency components specific to glucose or the other analytes, are derived from one or more features by modulating a carrier kernel with the feature. The conditioned features are computationally collided with one or more Zyotons that are co-dependent with the conditioned features. One or more collisions amplify a property of the analyte e.g., energy absorbed by glucose in tissue from radiation directed to the skin. A gradient of several values of the amplified property, each value corresponding to a particular radiation pattern according to a spectroscopic tomographic sequence, is used to select a suitable projector curve, with which a representative amplified value is projected to an accurate estimate of the concentration of glucose or the other analytes, without needing personalized calibration.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for measurement of heart rate and other heart-related characteristics a photoplethysmogram (PPG) obtained from a tissue is divided into several feature waveforms, each corresponding to a PPG window of a particular length. Conditioned features, containing frequency components specific to heart-related events, are derived from the features by modulating a carrier kernel with such features. The conditioned features are computationally collided with one or more Zyotons that are co-dependent with the conditioned features. For each conditioned feature, one or more collisions selectively amplify frequency components in features sourced from PPG, and respective energy change values are obtained from such amplified energy portions. The resulting energy change values are analyzed to determine a smallest time-window likely containing heart rate and other heart-related events in the PPG data stream.

Abstract: A system and method to configure a rule set used in connection with a medical monitoring system for monitoring patients and patient care equipment, especially medication delivery pumps, based on a variety of conditions and parameters associated with monitored biometric information and equipment information and for providing user-defined responses to those conditions and parameters.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for measurement of heart rate and other heart-related characteristics a photoplethysmogram (PPG) obtained from a tissue is divided into several feature waveforms, each corresponding to a PPG window of a particular length. Conditioned features, containing frequency components specific to heart-related events, are derived from the features by modulating a carrier kernel with such features. The conditioned features are computationally collided with one or more Zyotons that are co-dependent with the conditioned features. For each conditioned feature, one or more collisions selectively amplify frequency components in features sourced from PPG, and respective energy change values are obtained from such amplified energy portions. The resulting energy change values are analyzed to determine a smallest time-window likely containing heart rate and other heart-related events in the PPG data stream.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of analytes in tissue, spectra from the medium are deconstructed into features. Conditioned features, which contain frequency components specific to the analytes, are derived from one or more features after modulating a carrier kernel with the feature. The conditioned features are computationally collided with one or more Zyotons that are co-dependent with the conditioned features. One or more collisions amplify the energy absorbed by the analyte from radiation directed to the tissue. The value of the amplified energy is transformed into an accurate estimate of the concentration of the analyte. Depending on the analyte type, a particular tissue region is targeted and/or one or more parameters of the computational collision are selected.

Abstract: An infusion system includes a pump, a fluid delivery line, at least one sensor, a processor, and a memory. The fluid delivery line is connected to the pump for delivering fluid. The at least one sensor is connected to the fluid delivery line for emitting and receiving signals to detect whether there is air in the fluid delivery line. The processor is in electronic communication with the pump and the at least one sensor. The memory is in electronic communication with the processor. The memory comprises programming code for execution by the processor. The programming code is configured to determine a percentage of the air within an observed volume of the fluid delivery line.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, spectra from the medium are deconstructed into features. Conditioned features, which contain frequency components specific to glucose or the other analytes, are derived from one or more features by modulating a carrier kernel with the feature. The conditioned features are computationally collided with one or more Zyotons that are co-dependent with the conditioned features. One or more collisions amplify a property of the analyte e.g., energy absorbed by glucose in tissue from radiation directed to the skin. A gradient of several values of the amplified property, each value corresponding to a particular radiation pattern according to a spectroscopic tomographic sequence, is used to select a suitable projector curve, with which a representative amplified value is projected to an accurate estimate of the concentration of glucose or the other analytes, without needing personalized calibration.

Abstract: A collision-computing system detects and amplifies the energy associated with a feature signal to determine occurrences or absence of events, such as ultrasonic and/or geophysical events, or to determine presence and/or concentrations of substances such as blood glucose, toxic chemicals, etc., in a noisy, high-clutter environment or sample. To this end, a conditioned feature, obtained by modulating a carrier kernel with a feature signal, is collided with a Zyoton—a waveform that without a collision can travel substantially unperturbed in a propagation medium over a specified distance. The conditioned feature and the Zyoton are particularly constructed to be co-dependent in terms of their respective dispersion velocities and the divergence of a waveform resulting from the collision. The collision operation can transfer at least a portion of the feature energy to the resulting waveform, and the transferred energy can be amplified in successive collisions for detecting/measuring events/substances.

Abstract: A synthetic projection system determines analyte concentration, such as blood glucose concentration, from a spectral-energy change associated with an uncharacterized instance of a medium in which the analyte is likely present. The projection system is factory calibrated for different instances of the medium, without needing instance-specific training or calibration. The projection system includes a set of projector curves, each relating spectral-energy change values obtained by analyzing reference medium samples to analyte concentrations in those samples. Each projector curve also corresponds to a respective range of energy-change gradients, determined using a group of surrogate media characterized according to analyte concentrations measured using a reference system. A spectral-energy-change gradient for the uncharacterized medium may be computed to select one of the projectors curves.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, illumination is directed to the medium and corresponding radiation from the medium is collected. Spectral energy changes associated with fragment(s)/feature(s) obtained from the collected radiation are determined using collision computing. Such spectral energy changes generally represent analyte concentration. The illumination is controlled to target a particular volume of the medium and/or such that the spectral energy changes become directionally monotonic with respect to analyte concentration.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, spectra from the medium are deconstructed into features. Conditioned features, which contain frequency components specific to glucose or the other analytes, are derived from one or more features by modulating a carrier kernel with the feature. The conditioned features are computationally collided with one or more Zyotons that are co-dependent with the conditioned features. One or more collisions amplify a property of the analyte e.g., energy absorbed by glucose in tissue from radiation directed to the skin. A gradient of several values of the amplified property, each value corresponding to a particular radiation pattern according to a spectroscopic tomographic sequence, is used to select a suitable projector curve, with which a representative amplified value is projected to an accurate estimate of the concentration of glucose or the other analytes, without needing personalized calibration.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, illumination is directed to the medium and corresponding radiation from the medium is collected. Spectral energy changes associated with fragment(s)/feature(s) obtained from the collected radiation are determined using collision computing. Such spectral energy changes generally represent analyte concentration. The collection of radiation and/or illumination is controlled either to target a particular volume of the medium or such that the spectral energy changes become directionally monotonic with respect to analyte concentration, or both. The collection parameters include: duration of collection, location and/or a size of a collection spot on the medium surface, and angle of a collector relative to the medium surface. The illuminated and/or collection spots may be treated to improve accuracy of analyte measurement.

Abstract: A synthesizer synthesizes Zyotons, waveforms that without a collision can travel substantially unperturbed in a propagation medium over a specified distance, for extracting via collision computing properties of interest of signals, such as the occurrence/absence of events and presence or concentrations of substances such as blood glucose, toxic chemicals, etc., obtained from high noise/clutter environments. The Zyotons are synthesized using base waveform families/generator functions unrelated to the signal environment. The Zyotons and corresponding carrier kernels include component(s) adapted to correspond to a signal property of interest and other component(s) adapted to correspond to other properties, such as noise and clutter. The number of each type of component(s) may be determined using a representative signal obtained from the environment that is optionally transformed via derivitization, addition of noise and/or another representative signal, etc.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, illumination is directed to the medium and corresponding radiation from the medium is collected. Spectral energy changes associated with fragment(s)/feature(s) obtained from the collected radiation are determined using collision computing. Such spectral energy changes generally represent analyte concentration. The collection of radiation and/or illumination is controlled either to target a particular volume of the medium or such that the spectral energy changes become directionally monotonic with respect to analyte concentration, or both. The collection parameters include: duration of collection, location and/or a size of a collection spot on the medium surface, and angle of a collector relative to the medium surface. The illuminated and/or collection spots may be treated to improve accuracy of analyte measurement.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, illumination is directed to the medium and corresponding radiation from the medium is collected. Spectral energy changes associated with fragment(s)/feature(s) obtained from the collected radiation are determined using collision computing. Such spectral energy changes generally represent analyte concentration. The illumination is controlled to target a particular volume of the medium and/or such that the spectral energy changes become directionally monotonic with respect to analyte concentration.

Abstract: A collision-computing system detects and amplifies the energy associated with a feature signal to determine occurrences or absence of events, such as ultrasonic and/or geophysical events, or to determine presence and/or concentrations of substances such as blood glucose, toxic chemicals, etc., in a noisy, high-clutter environment or sample. To this end, a conditioned feature, obtained by modulating a carrier kernel with a feature signal, is collided with a Zyoton—a waveform that without a collision can travel substantially unperturbed in a propagation medium over a specified distance. The conditioned feature and the Zyoton are particularly constructed to be co-dependent in terms of their respective dispersion velocities and the divergence of a waveform resulting from the collision. The collision operation can transfer at least a portion of the feature energy to the resulting waveform, and the transferred energy can be amplified in successive collisions for detecting/measuring events/substances.

Abstract: A synthesizer synthesizes Zyotons, waveforms that without a collision can travel substantially unperturbed in a propagation medium over a specified distance, for extracting via collision computing properties of interest of signals, such as the occurrence/absence of events and presence or concentrations of substances such as blood glucose, toxic chemicals, etc., obtained from high noise/clutter environments. The Zyotons are synthesized using base waveform families/generator functions unrelated to the signal environment. The Zyotons and corresponding carrier kernels include component(s) adapted to correspond to a signal property of interest and other component(s) adapted to correspond to other properties, such as noise and clutter. The number of each type of component(s) may be determined using a representative signal obtained from the environment that is optionally transformed via derivitization, addition of noise and/or another representative signal, etc.