Abstract: The disclosed subject matter provides techniques for treating a subject. An example method includes placing a lead in a vertebral vein of the subject, placing at least one electrode within the vertebral vein adjacent to an autonomic nerve, and modulating a cardiovascular system of the subject by supplying a predetermined amount of an electrical stimulation energy to the autonomic nerve. In non-limiting embodiments, the lead can be placed in the vertebral vein via a subclavian vein, an axillary vein, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the at least one electrode can be coupled to the lead.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a device for imaging cardiac structures having at least a sheath, a wire-basket structure and an optical scope. The present disclosure also provides methods for imaging of epicardial space, epicardial ablation and cardiac ultrasound using the device disclosed herein.