Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for recognizing speech using a spiking neural network acoustic model implemented on a neuromorphic processor are described. In one aspect, a method includes receiving, a trained acoustic model implemented as a spiking neural network (SNN) on a neuromorphic processor of a client device, a set of feature coefficients that represent acoustic energy of input audio received from a microphone communicably coupled to the client device. The acoustic model is trained to predict speech sounds based on input feature coefficients. The acoustic model generates output data indicating predicted speech sounds corresponding to the set of feature coefficients that represent the input audio received from the microphone. The neuromorphic processor updates one or more parameters of the acoustic model using one or more learning rules and the predicted speech sounds of the output data.

Abstract: An unleaded aviation fuel composition with improved octane properties has 20-35 vol. % toluene having a MON of at least 107; 2-10 vol. % aniline; from above 30 to 55 vol % of at least one alkylate or alkylate blend comprising isoparaffins 4-9 carbon atoms, 3-20 vol % C5 isoparaffins, 3-15 vol % C7 isoparaffins, and 60-90 vol % C8 isoparaffins, and less than 1 vol % C10+, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend; at least 8 vol % isopentane, 0.1-10 vol %, straight chain alkyl acetate; and 0.1-10 vol % branched chain alcohol having 4-8 carbon atoms, provided that the branched chain does not contain any t-butyl groups. The volume ratio of straight chain alkyl acetate to branched chain alcohol is in the range of 3:1 to 1:3 and the fuel composition contains less than 1 vol % of C8 aromatics.

Abstract: An unleaded aviation fuel composition meets the requirements of the ASTM D910 specification. Furthermore, the unleaded aviation fuel compositions of the present invention exhibit reduced bladder delamination, improved materials compatibility such as reduced elastomer swelling and reduced paint staining, and improved engine endurance.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the formation of foam in a mixture comprising water and hydrocarbons, the method comprising contacting the mixture with a composition which comprises at least one ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is preferably a poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative or an alkyl ethoxylate phosphate salt.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the formation or deposition of wax in a mixture comprising hydrocarbons, the method comprising contacting the mixture with a composition which comprises at least one ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is preferably a polyamine salt derivative or a polypropylene glycol derivative.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 98 wt %, less than 2 wt % of oxygen content, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than ?58° C. is provided.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and CHN content of at least 98 wt %, less than 2 wt % of oxygen content, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa is provided.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation gasoline having low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 210° C., an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa and a freezing point of less than ?58° C. is provided.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation gasoline having low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 190° C., an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa and a freezing point of less than ?58° C. is provided.

Abstract: A tester, systems and method for testing hydrocarbons are provided. The tester includes a test module supporting the component thereabout. The test module is operatively connectable to a fluid source to receive the hydrocarbon therefrom. A recirculation circuit is operatively connectable to the fluid circuit about the test module to recirculate the hydrocarbon thereabout whereby the hydrocarbon is passed over at least a portion of the component. The method involves passing the hydrocarbon over at least a portion of a plurality of the components, recirculating the hydrocarbon over the portion of each of the components, and performing a material test on each of the components.

Abstract: Balanced unleaded fuel compositions exhibiting: a pump octane rating of greater than 93; a T50 (maximum) of 104.4° C. (220° F.) and a T90 (maximum) of 165.6° C. (330° F.), as required under the CARB Phase 3 model; and, producing a higher average torque and/or higher average power output than commercially available fuels stated to meet the CARB Phase 3 model.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the deposition of asphaltene in a mixture comprising hydrocarbons, the method comprising contacting the mixture with a composition which comprises at least one poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation fuel composition having high aromatics content and CHN content of at least 97.8 wt %, less than 2.2 wt % of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 190° C., an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa is provided.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt %, less than 2.8 wt % of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 210° C., an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa is provided.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the formation or deposition of wax in a mixture comprising hydrocarbons, the method comprising contacting the mixture with a composition which comprises at least one ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is preferably a polyamine salt derivative or a polypropylene glycol derivative.

Abstract: An unleaded fuel composition comprising: a combination of alkylated benzenes comprising alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; 5 vol. % or more of one or more aromatic amines; and, an isoparaffin composition selected from the group consisting of alkylate, a combination of isoparaffins having a total number of carbon atoms of 11 or less, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation gasoline having low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 190° C., an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa and a freezing point of less than ?58° C. is provided.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and CHN content of at least 98 wt %, less than 2 wt % of oxygen content, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa is provided.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt %, less than 2.8 wt % of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 190° C., an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than ?58° C. is provided.

Abstract: Micronized polymers suitable for use in fuels and lubricants having a particle size distribution of less than 30 microns obtained from water-soluble solid organic polymers is provided. A water-soluble solid organic polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 200,000 is subjected to a molecular segmentation in a polar solvent in a polymer to solvent ratio in the range of 1:1 to 1:10 to produce a micronized polymer having a particle size distribution of less than 30 microns.