Abstract: Disclosed are improved fluorination processes and fluorine-containing compositions which involve introducing to one or more fluorination process compositions a water reactive agent in an amount and under conditions effective to decrease the amount of water in that composition. The water reactive agent is preferably introduced to the fluorination reaction process at a location proximate to the site of the fluorination reaction, or upstream of the fluorination reaction, in amounts and under conditions effective to produce a relatively lower concentration of water in the composition, and preferably throughout the fluorination process.

Abstract: Provided are polymers derived from fluoroalkyl norbornenes, fluorinated crotonates, fluorinated allyl alcohols, and combinations of two or more thereof for use in a wide variety of applications, including photoresist compositions. Also provided are methods for producing the fluoroalkyl norbornenes, fluorinated crotonates, and fluorinated allyl alcohols for use in the present polymers.

Abstract: A method comprising etching a material under plasma etching conditions using an etching composition which has a GWP of no greater than about 3000 and which comprises at least one etchant compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of F—CO—[(CR1R2)m—CO]n—F and F—CO—R3—CO—F, and wherein: m=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; n=1; R1 & R2 represent H, F or CxHyFz; wherein: x=1 or 2; and y+z=2x+1; R3 represents CR4═CR5, R6R7C═C or C≡C; wherein: R4-7 represent H, F, or CxHyFz; wherein: x=1 or 2; and y+z=2x+1; and also including the cleaning of a surface by use of an etchant compound, and further including an etching composition which includes said etchant compound and also an etchant-modifier.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF3CH2CF2Cl, comprising contacting in a reaction zone in the substantial absence of oxygen, reactants comprising chlorine and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF3CH2CHF2 (also referred to as HFC-245fa), and subjecting the reactants to actinic radiation, such as UV light at about 2,000 to 4,000 Angstroms, wherein: (1) inert gas is present at a concentration equal to or less than about 5 wt. % of the total weight of reactants; (2) the molar ratio of chlorine to CF3CH2CHF2 is from about 0.2:1 to about 1.5:1; and (3) the concentration of chlorinated product produced having greater than one chlorine present in the molecule is less than or equal to about 10 wt. %.

Abstract: A process for producing a fluoroolefin of the formula: CF3CY═CXnHp wherein Y is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine); X is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine); n and p are integers independently equal to 0, 1 or 2, provided that (n+p)=2; comprising contacting, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, a compound of the formula: CF3C(R1aR2b)C(R3cR4d), wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently a hydrogen atom or a halogen selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, provided that at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is halogen and there is at least one hydrogen and one halogen on adjacent carbon atoms; a and b are independently=0, 1 or 2 and (a+b)=2; and c and d are independently=0, 1, 2 or 3 and (c+d)=3; and at least one alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: A process for producing a fluoroolefin of the formula: CF3CY═CXnHp wherein Y is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine); X is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine); n and p are integers independently equal to 0, 1 or 2, provided that (n+p)=2; comprising contacting, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, a compound of the formula: CF3C(R1aR2b) C(R3cR4d), wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently a hydrogen atom or a halogen selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, provided that at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is halogen and there is at least one hydrogen and one halogen on adjacent carbon atoms; a and b are independently=0, 1 or 2 and (a+b)=2; and c and d are independently=0, 1, 2 or 3 and (c+d)=3; and at least one alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: A method of etching comprising subjecting a material under plasma etching conditions to an etching composition comprising at least an etchant compound having the formula CXHCFZ wherein: x=3, 4 or 5; 2x≧z≧y; and y+z=2x+2; and further including an etching composition which includes said etchant compound and a second material different from the etchant compound that enhances or modifies plasma etching.

Abstract: A method comprising etching a material under plasma etching conditions using an etching composition which has a GWP of no greater than about 3000 and which comprises at least one etchant compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of F—CO—[(CR1R2)m—CO]n−F and F—CO—R3—CO—F, and wherein:

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorinated product comprising: (a) reacting a molar excess of an aliphatic starting compound in liquid phase with fluorine in the presence of actinic radiation to produce a product mixture containing a fluorinated product having at least one hydrogen atom; and (b) recovering the fluorinated product from the product stream.

Abstract: A method of etching comprising subjecting a material under plasma etching conditions to an etching composition comprising at least an etchant compound having the formula C.sub.X H.sub.C F.sub.Zwherein: x=3, 4 or 5;2x.gtoreq.z.gtoreq.y;and y+z=2x+2; andfurther including an etching composition which includes said etchant compound and a second material different from the etchant compound that enhances or modifies plasma etching.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of telomers CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2).sub.n Cl where n=1-3 (Formula I) by the continuous reaction of CCl.sub.4 and vinylidene chloride in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst. The reaction to form CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2)Cl proceeds at a reaction rate constant k.sub.1. If n=1, CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2)Cl is continuously removed from the reactor. If n=2, the removed CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2)Cl reacts similarly with CCl.sub.4 and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CCl.sub.2 in a second reactor to form and remove CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2).sub.2 Cl under conditions to have a reaction rate constant k.sub.2, wherein the ratio of the molar amounts of CCl.sub.4 to CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2)Cl reacted is greater than the ratio k.sub.2 /k.sub.1. If n=3, the removed CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2).sub.2 Cl similarly reacts in a third reactor with CCl.sub.4 and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CCl.sub.2 to form CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to foam compositions which are expanded with hydrohalocarbon blowing agents in the presence of catalysts which are capable of decreasing the amount of decomposition of the hydrohalocarbon blowing agents to haloalkenes during the polymerization. Thus, the present invention provides compositions comprising polyisocyanate, polyol, hydrohalocarbon blowing agent, surfactant, and catalyst for polymerization of the polyisocyanate and polyol wherein the catalyst is capable of decreasing the amount of decomposition of the hydrohalocarbon blowing agents to haloalkenes during polymerization of the polyisocyanate and the polyol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to foam compositions which are expanded with hydrohalocarbon blowing agents in the presence of catalysts which are capable of decreasing the amount of decomposition of the hydrohalocarbon blowing agents to haloalkenes during the polymerization. Thus, the present invention provides compositions comprising polyisocyanate, polyol, hydrohalocarbon blowing agent, surfactant, and catalyst for polymerization of the polyisocyanate and polyol wherein the catalyst is capable of decreasing the amount of decomposition of the hydrohalocarbon blowing agents to haloalkenes during polymerization of the polyisocyanate and the polyol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing hydrofluorocarbons of the formulas CF.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2).sub.n F comprising reacting at least one reactant selected from CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.2).sub.n Cl, CCl.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2).sub.n Cl or CCl.sub.2 [(CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2)Cl].sub.2, where n=1 to 3, with hydrogen fluoride at a temperature of from about 25.degree. to about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to foam compositions which are expanded with hydrohalocarbon blowing agents in the presence of additives which decrease the formation of haloalkenes during the polymerization. Thus, the present invention provides compositions comprising polyisocyanate, polyol, hydrohalocarbon blowing agent, catalyst, surfactant, and at least one additive wherein the additive is capable of decreasing the amount of decomposition of said dehydrohalocarbon blowing agent to haloalkenes during polymerization of the polyisocyanate and the polyol.Depending upon the polyol and polyisocyanate used and the quantity of polyisocyanate used, the compositions may be used in pour-in-place molded foams; rigid urethane spray foams; rigid high and low density foams for slabstock, froth foams, and molded foams; rigid laminated boardstock; or specialty foams.

Abstract: Novel .beta.-oximinoalkylphosphonic acid ester derivatives of general formula B are prepared from the corresponding .alpha.-halo oxime A: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of H and C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl substituents;R.sup.2 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of H and C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 linear alkyl and aryl substituents;R.sup.3 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of H and C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, 1-alkoxy alkyl, aryl, acyl, N-substituted carbamoyl, N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl and nitrogen- , oxygen- , sulfur- , and phosphorus-containing heterocyclic substituents;R.sup.4 is an alkyl substituent of C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 aryl; andX is a substituent selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I.In a specific reaction, the .alpha.-halo oxime derivative is dissolved in an excess of trialkyl phosphite, greater than 3 molar equivalents is preferred. The preference for the .alpha.

Abstract: Substituted and unsubstituted phenols, catechols and orthobenzoquinones are converted to muconic acid mononitriles by reaction with copper(II)-ammonia reagents. The copper(II)-ammonia reagents can be prepared by the reaction of cuprous chloride with oxygen or air in liquid ammonia or in ammonium hydroxide or in pyridine followed by addition of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide. The muconic acid mononitriles are useful as monomers or comonomers and as intermediates in the manufacture of substituted and unsubstituted 6-aminocaproic acids, caprolactams and polyamides.

Abstract: Phenol, catechol and orthobenzoquinone are converted to muconic acid mononitrile by reaction with a copper(II)-ammonia reagent. The copper(II)-ammonia reagents can be prepared by the reaction of cuprous chloride with oxygen or air in liquid ammonia or in ammonium hydroxide or in pyridine followed by addition of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide. Muconic acid mononitrile is hydrogenated to 6-aminocaproic acid, which can be cyclized to caprolactam.

Abstract: Muconic acid monoesters of alkanediols of 2-6 carbons and of phenol are prepared by copper (II) oxidative cleavage of phenols, catechols or orthobenzoquinones. The products are useful as comonomers in polyamides and other polymers. The alkanediol or phenol is introduced into the copper (II) reactant or catalyst.

Abstract: Substituted and unsubstituted phenols, catechols and orthobenzoquinones are converted to muconic acid mononitriles by reaction with copper(II)-ammonia reagent. The copper(II)-ammonia reagents can be prepared by the reaction of cuprous chloride with oxygen or air in liquid ammonia or in ammonium hydroxide or in pyridine followed by addition of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide. The muconic acid mononitriles are useful as monomers or comonomers and as intermediates in the manufacture of substituted and unsubstituted 6-aminocaproic acids, caprolactams and polyamides.