Abstract: A switching method for six-step motor drive with an output inverter that provides commutation switching of power to the phase windings of a driven motor includes regulating the current to the output inverter and to the motor by a variable bus. switching six transistors of a three phase H-bridge and six associated freewheeling diodes of the output inverter by a pair of two transistors to commutate power to the phase windings conducting during conduction steps, and at each commutation step one off-going transistor is switched off and one on-going transistor is switched on the switching method further comprising monitoring of the back emf on two legs of the phase windings of the motor for determining commutation timing, and commutating the output inverter through non-simultaneous switching of the off-going transistor with switching of the on-going transistor.

Abstract: An electric machine for converting between electrical and rotary mechanical energy includes a rotor that is journalled to rotate about an axis of rotation, and an adjacent stator that magnetically exerts torque upon the rotor across a magnetic airgap in response to applied electric power to air core stator windings that are bonded in thermal contact to a slotless ferromagnetic stator backiron forming the stator surface facing the magnetic airgap, the rotor has a surface that is opposed to, and spaced apart from, the corresponding surface on the stator, the rotor surface and the stator surface define the airgap therebetween. The rotor has permanent magnets that generate magnetic flux across the magnetic airgap and through the air core stator windings. The air core windings are cooled by a physical loop having an evaporator, a remote located condenser and connected by two fluid flow lines filled with two phase fluid comprising liquid and gas both traveling in the same direction around the physical loop.

Abstract: An electric machine for converting between electrical and rotary mechanical energy includes a rotor journaled to rotate about an axis of rotation, and a stationary stator mounted adjacent to the rotor. The stator has a ferromagnetic backiron with a surface facing the rotor across a magnetic airgap and having windings applied in a winding pattern formed directly onto the stator backiron and adhered to its surface with a pre-applied tacky adhesive. The windings magnetically exert torque upon the rotor across the magnetic armature airgap in response to electric power applied to the windings. The rotor has permanent magnets that generate magnetic flux across the airgap and through the windings. The windings are comprised of pre-bundled multiple individually insulated conductor strands that are electrically connected in parallel but are electrically insulated from each other along their lengths inside said magnetic armature airgap.

Abstract: A process for assembly of a brushless air core motor-generator includes assembling a rotor formed from two spaced apart rotor portions having magnetic poles that drive magnetic flux circumferentially through the rotor portions and back and forth across an armature airgap between the rotor portions. An air core armature is made by coating a nonmagnetic armature form with a tacky adhesive layer, and winding armature windings in a winding pattern onto the form with a winding head, using wire comprised of bundled multiple individually insulated conductor strands that are electrically connected in parallel but are electrically insulated from each other along their lengths where located inside the magnetic flux in the armature airgap.

Abstract: An electronically commutated electric motor includes a rotor, a stator and an electronic drive. The rotor is journaled to rotate about an axis of rotation, the stator is stationary relative to the rotor, and the electronic drive provides synchronous power to the stator and drives the rotor. The rotor has two ferromagnetic radially spaced apart co-rotating rotor portions having a circumferential array of alternating polarity permanent magnet poles that drive magnetic flux back and forth across an armature air gap between said spaced apart rotor portions, and circumferentially through each of said rotor portions. The stator includes an air core armature supported in the armature airgap, and has a non-ferromagnetic structure where located in the magnetic flux in the armature air gap. Three phase windings wound on the armature magnetically exert torque upon the rotor when the windings are electrically energized by the electronic drive.

Abstract: An electronically commutated electric motor includes a rotor, a stator and an electronic drive. The rotor is journaled to rotate about an axis of rotation, the stator is stationary relative to the rotor, and the electronic drive provides synchronous power to the stator and drives the rotor. The rotor has two ferromagnetic radially spaced apart co-rotating rotor portions having a circumferential array of alternating polarity permanent magnet poles that drive magnetic flux back and forth across an armature air gap between said spaced apart rotor portions, and circumferentially through each of said rotor portions. The stator includes an air core armature supported in the armature airgap, and has a non-ferromagnetic structure where located in the magnetic flux in the armature air gap. Three phase windings wound on the armature magnetically exert torque upon the rotor when the windings are electrically energized by the electronic drive.

Abstract: A process for assembly of a brushless air core motor-generator includes assembling a rotor formed from two spaced apart rotor portions having magnetic poles that drive magnetic flux circumferentially through the rotor portions and back and forth across an armature airgap between the rotor portions. An air core armature is made by coating a nonmagnetic armature form with a tacky adhesive layer, and winding armature windings in a winding pattern onto the form with a winding head, using wire comprised of bundled multiple individually insulated conductor strands that are electrically connected in parallel but are electrically insulated from each other along their lengths where located inside the magnetic flux in the armature airgap.

Abstract: A process for assembling a brushless motor-generator includes assembling a rotor formed from two spaced apart rotor portions having magnetic poles that drive magnetic flux circumferentially through the rotor portions and back and forth across an armature airgap formed between the rotor portions. An air core armature is formed by coating a substantially nonmagnetic armature form with a tacky adhesive layer, and winding armature windings into a winding pattern onto the substantially nonmagnetic form using wire made of multiple individually insulated conductor strands that are electrically connected in parallel but are electrically insulated from each other along their length when located inside the armature airgap, wherein the strands of said wire are diametrically held together by an outer serve. The winding of the armature form includes sequentially applying pressure to sections of said wire against the tacky adhesive layer.

Abstract: A process for assembling a brushless motor-generator includes assembling a rotor formed from two spaced apart rotor portions having magnetic poles that drive magnetic flux circumferentially through the rotor portions and back and forth across an armature airgap formed between the rotor portions. An air core armature is formed by coating a substantially nonmagnetic armature form with a tacky adhesive layer, and winding armature windings into a winding pattern onto the substantially nonmagnetic form using wire made of multiple individually insulated conductor strands that are electrically connected in parallel but are electrically insulated from each other along their length when located inside the armature airgap, wherein the strands of said wire are diametrically held together by an outer serve. The winding of the armature form includes sequentially applying pressure to sections of said wire against the tacky adhesive layer.

Abstract: A system and method for relevancy of display placement, comprising a processor on non-transitory memory that compiles transactional information from advertisers, publishers and users and provides an interface that allows the advertiser to determine relevancy of the placement based on the activity of the user and publisher information.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing click fraud and/or determining invalid clicks are provided to measure click related data, decide according to target URL defined conditions whether to present an Intelligent interstitial, decide according to target URL defined conditions how to populate the interstitial and then measure Search user interaction with the interstitial.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing click fraud and/or determining invalid clicks are provided to measure click related data, decide according to target URL defined conditions whether to present an Intelligent interstitial, decide according to target URL defined conditions how to populate the interstitial and then measure Search user interaction with the interstitial.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing click fraud and/or determining invalid clicks are provided to measure click related data, decide according to target URL defined conditions whether to present an Intelligent interstitial, decide according to target URL defined conditions how to populate the interstitial and then measure Search user interaction with the interstitial. Other embodiments use target URL defined conditions of interstitial interaction to determine click validity and monetary value and in the event of a valid click continuing to the target URL and optionally measuring on-site behavior. Further embodiments measure data from an original click, observe interstitial behavior and optionally merge target URL website measured behavior into a database providing user data for each individual click. Other embodiments generate reports specific to seeking credits for payments on invalid clicks and other website intelligence. Exemplary embodiments provide for varying implementations, including e.g.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing click fraud and/or determining invalid clicks are provided to measure click related data, decide according to target URL defined conditions whether to present an Intelligent interstitial, decide according to target URL defined conditions how to populate the interstitial and then measure Search user interaction with the interstitial. Other embodiments use target URL defined conditions of interstitial interaction to determine click validity and monetary value and in the event of a valid click continuing to the target URL and optionally measuring on-site behavior. Further embodiments measure data from an original click, observe interstitial behavior and optionally merge target URL website measured behavior into a database providing user data for each individual click. Other embodiments generate reports specific to seeking credits for payments on invalid clicks and other website intelligence. Exemplary embodiments provide for varying implementations, including e.g.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing click fraud and/or determining invalid clicks are provided to measure click related data, decide according to target URL defined conditions whether to present an Intelligent interstitial, decide according to target URL defined conditions how to populate the interstitial and then measure Search user interaction with the interstitial.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing click fraud and/or determining invalid clicks are provided to measure click related data, decide according to Target URL defined conditions whether to present an Intelligent interstitial, decide according to Target URL defined conditions how to populate the interstitial and then measure Search user interaction with the interstitial. Other embodiments use Target URL defined conditions of interstitial interaction to determine click validity and monetary value and in the event of a valid click continuing to the Target URL and optionally measuring on-site behavior. Further embodiments measure data from an original click, observe interstitial behavior and optionally merge Target URL website measured behavior into a database providing user data for each individual click. Other embodiments generate reports specific to seeking credits for payments on invalid clicks and other website intelligence. Exemplary embodiments provide for varying implementations, including e.g.

Abstract: A motor-generator includes a rotor that rotates about an axis of rotation, and a stator that is stationary and magnetically interacts with the rotor. The rotor is constructed of two spaced apart rotor portions having magnetic poles that drive magnetic flux across an armature airgap formed therebetween. An armature, located in the armature airgap, has a substantially nonmagnetic and low electrical conductivity form onto which wire windings are wound. The form has a free end that extends inside the rotor, and a support end that attaches to the stationary portion of the motor-generator. The form is constructed with a thin backing portion and thicker raised portions extending from the backing portion in the direction of the magnetic flux. The wire windings have multiple individually insulated conductor wire. The conductors of a single wire are electrically connected together in parallel and electrically insulated between each other along their length inside the armature airgap.

Abstract: A motor-generator includes a rotor that rotates about an axis of rotation, and a stator that is stationary and magnetically interacts with the rotor. The rotor is constructed of two spaced apart rotor portions having magnetic poles that drive magnetic flux across an armature airgap formed therebetween. An armature, located in the armature airgap, has a substantially nonmagnetic and low electrical conductivity form onto which wire windings are wound. The form has a free end that extends inside the rotor, and a support end that attaches to the stationary portion of the motor-generator. The form is constructed with a thin backing portion and thicker raised portions extending from the backing portion in the direction of the magnetic flux. The wire windings have multiple individually insulated conductor wire. The conductors of a single wire are electrically connected together in parallel and electrically insulated between each other along their length inside the armature airgap.