Abstract: A radiation source with an ionizable mercury-free composition. The ionizable composition including at least zinc or at least one zinc compound.

Abstract: A light source includes a base, a light-transmissive envelope coupled to the base, a composition disposed within the light-transmissive envelope, and a gas phase contained by the envelope for suppressing vaporization of the composition at operating temperatures greater than about 2000 Kelvin. The composition includes a first region and a second region and operable to suppress or reflect photons having a wavelength greater than about 700 nm and to emit or transmit photons having a wavelength between about 400 nm and about 700 nm.

Abstract: A high temperature stable composition includes a first material and a second material interspersed within the first material so as to form a structure. The composition is structured such that the first and second materials maintain a periodicity of distribution between about 100 nm and about 1000 nm, and the composition is operable to reflect photons having a wavelength greater than about 700 nm and to emit or transmit photons having a wavelength between about 400 nm and about 700 nm at temperatures greater than about 2000 Kelvin for at least about 10 hours.

Abstract: A light source includes a base, a light-transmissive envelope coupled to the base and a heating element coupled to the base and positioned within the light-transmissive envelope. The heating element includes a first region and a second region arranged in a structure having a periodicity of distribution of between about 100 nm and about 1000 nm, in which the first region includes a first material selected from the group consisting of carbides of transition metals, nitrides of transition metals, borides of transition metals and oxides of transition metals.

Abstract: An article is provided including a heating element and a high temperature coating coated on the heating element. The high temperature coating comprises a first region and a second region arranged in a structure such that the first and second regions maintain a periodicity of distribution between about 100 nm and about 1000 nm. Furthermore, the first region includes a first material selected from the group consisting of carbides of transition metals, nitrides of transition metals, and borides of transition metals.

Abstract: An all-metal electron emissive structure for low-pressure lamps is disclosed. The all-metal electron emissive structure consisting of one or more metal is operable to emit electrons in response to a thermal excitation, wherein an active region of the electron emissive structure under steady state operating conditions has a temperature greater than about 1500 degree K, and wherein the cathode fall voltage in the discharge medium under steady state operating conditions is less than about 100 volts. A lamp including an envelope, an electrode including the all-metal electron emissive structure, and a medium, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed lamp having at least one seal-material-free bond. The seal material-free bond may be a material diffusion bond, a mechanically deformed bond such as a cold weld or crimp, a focused heat bond such as a laser bond, or any other such bond. For example, the hermetically sealed lamp may have one or more endcaps diffusion bonded to an arc envelope, such as a ceramic tube or bulb. The hermetically sealed lamp also may have one or more tubular structures, such as dosing tubes, which are mechanically closed via cold welding or crimping. Localized heating, such as the heat provided by an intense laser, also may be used to enhance any of the foregoing bonds.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed lamp having at least one seal-material-free bond. The seal material-free bond may be a material diffusion bond, a mechanically deformed bond such as a cold weld or crimp, a focused heat bond such as a laser bond, or any other such bond. For example, the hermetically sealed lamp may have one or more endcaps diffusion bonded to an arc envelope, such as a ceramic tube or bulb. The hermetically sealed lamp also may have one or more tubular structures, such as dosing tubes, which are mechanically closed via cold welding or crimping. Localized heating, such as the heat provided by an intense laser, also may be used to enhance any of the foregoing bonds.

Abstract: A barium-free electron emissive material comprises a barium-free metal oxide composition and operable to emit electrons on excitation. A lamp including an envelope, an electrode including a barium-free electron emissive material and a discharge material, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A mercury-free discharge composition is provided. The mercury-free discharge composition may include Titanium, Zirconium, Hafnium, or combinations thereof, and a halogen. The composition may be capable of emitting radiation if excited, and the composition may produce a total equilibrium operating pressure of less than about 100,000 pascals if excited. A mercury-free discharge lamp is also provided.

Abstract: An electron emissive material comprises an alkaline earth metal halide composition and operable to emit electrons on excitation.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed lamp having at least one end-to-end seal. The end-to-end seal may be a material diffusion bond, a seal-material bond, or any other suitable bond. For example, the hermetically sealed lamp may have one or more endcaps butt-sealed to an arc envelope, such as a ceramic tube or bulb. The hermetically sealed lamp also may have one or more tubular structures, such as dosing tubes, which are butt-sealed to the endcap and/or arc envelope. Localized heating, such as the heat provided by an intense laser, also may be used to enhance any of the foregoing bonds.

Abstract: An ionizable mercury-free and sodium-free composition is capable of emitting radiation if excited. A radiation source includes such an ionizable mercury-free and sodium-free composition. The ionizable mercury-free and sodium-free composition includes at least a metal, a metal and a metal compound, or a metal compound.

Abstract: A mercury-free discharge composition may be provided. The ionizable mercury-free discharge composition may include gallium and a halogen. The composition may be capable of emitting radiation if excited, and the composition may produce a total equilibrium operating pressure less than about 100,000 Pascals if excited. A mercury-free discharge lamp may be provided. The mercury-free discharge lamp may include an envelope; an ionizable discharge composition including gallium contained by the envelope; and a phosphor composition contained by the envelope and in communication with the ionizable discharge composition.

Abstract: A radiation source with an ionizable mercury-free composition. The ionizable composition comprising at least zinc or at least one zinc compound or both.