Abstract: Substantially homogeneous and stable suspensions of anthraquinone (AQ) compositions and methods of preparation are disclosed. The AQ compositions are utilized in pulping processes.

Abstract: A method for producing esters of an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid are disclosed, the method includes reacting a three or four carbon beta-hydroxyalkanoate composition or mixtures thereof with a mono-alcohol under heating conditions to form a reaction product and distilling the reaction product to recover a composition containing at least fifty percent by weight of the ester of the alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoate from hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, beating the first mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoate from hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, heating the first mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction.

Abstract: A method for recovering a composition enriched in 3-hydroxypropionic acid by providing the fermentation broth, acidifying the fermentation broth; reducing the total sulfate ion and phosphate ion concentration of the resulting aqueous solution to produce a reduced ion aqueous solution; distilling the resulting reduced ion aqueous solution and recovering the resulting aqueous distillation product comprising 3-hydroxypropionic acid

Abstract: A reaction product of the co-dehydration of a sugar alcohol and a reactant polyol having a number average hydroxyl functionality less than 4.0 is disclosed. In some aspects the sugar alcohol comprises mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, or mixtures thereof. In some preferred aspects the sugar alcohol comprises sorbitol. In some aspects the reactant polyol has an average molecular weight of from 40 to 500 Daltons. In some aspects, the reaction product may be suitable for the manufacture of polyisocyanurate foam. In some aspects the reaction product may be mixed with diluent polyols, such as diols, glycols, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method for recovering a composition enriched in 3-hydroxypropionic acid from a fermentation broth comprising 3-hydroxypropionic acid and/or salts thereof comprises the steps of: (a) providing the fermentation broth having a pH of from about 2 to about 8 comprising: 3-hydroxypropionic acid and/or salts thereof, (b) acidifying the fermentation broth; (c) reducing the total sulfate ion and phosphate ion (d) distilling the resulting reduced ion aqueous solution and (e) recovering the product.

Abstract: Preparation of derivatives of ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid, including ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters, ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and alkoxy derivatives.

Abstract: Preparation of derivatives of ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid, including ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters, ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid, esters of ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and alkoxy derivatives, such as preparation of acrylic acid from 3-hydroxypropionic acid.

Abstract: A polyester polyol made from natural oil feedstocks is disclosed. Methods for making the polyol are also disclosed. The method comprises reacting hydroxylated fatty acid/alkyl esters with a multifunctional ester-reactive initiator compound to form the polyester polyol. In one embodiment, the hydroxylated fatty acid/alkyl esters are made by hydroxylating fatty acid/alkyl esters having up to ninety-five percent by weight monounsaturation.

Abstract: A reaction product of the co-dehydration of a sugar alcohol and a reactant polyol having a number average hydroxyl functionality less than 4.0 is disclosed. In some aspects the sugar alcohol comprises mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, or mixtures thereof. In some preferred aspects the sugar alcohol comprises sorbitol. In some aspects the reactant polyol has an average molecular weight of from 40 to 500 Daltons. In some aspects, the reaction product may be suitable for the manufacture of polyisocyanurate foam. In some aspects the reaction product may be mixed with diluent polyols, such as diols, glycols, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method is described for producing polyester polyols by partially-epoxidizing fatty acid alkyl esters having an iodine value from 90 to 190 g I2/100 grams, fully-hydrogenating the partially-epoxidized esters to form hydroxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, and then reacting the hydroxylated fatty acid alkyl esters with a multifunctional ester-reactive initiator compound to form the polyester polyol.

Abstract: A polyester polyol made from natural oil feedstocks is disclosed. Methods for making the polyol are also disclosed. The method comprises reacting hydroxylated fatty acid/alkyl esters with a multifunctional ester-reactive initiator compound to form the polyester polyol. In one embodiment, the hydroxylated fatty acid/alkyl esters are made by hydroxylating fatty acid/alkyl esters having up to ninety-five percent by weight monounsaturation.

Abstract: A polyester polyol made from natural oil feedstocks is disclosed. Methods for making the polyol are also disclosed. The method comprises reacting monohydroxylated fatty acid/alkyl esters with a multifunctional ester-reactive initiator compound to form the polyester polyol. In one embodiment, the monohydroxylated fatty acid/alkyl esters are made by hydroxylating fatty acid/alkyl esters having greater than about ninety-five percent by weight monounsaturation.

Abstract: Described are viscoelastic polyurethane foams that comprise the reaction product of a polyisocyanate and an active-hydrogen composition comprising an amidated or transesterified oligomeric natural oil polyol.

Abstract: Described are viscoelastic polyurethane foams that comprise an oligomeric natural oil polyol and a petroleum-derived polyol. The viscoelastic foams are formed by reacting a polyisocyanate with an active-hydrogen composition that comprises the oligomeric natural oil polyol and petroleum-derived polyol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making a partially hydrogenated, fully epoxidized vegetable oil derivative. The method includes fully epoxidizing a partially hydrogenated vegetable oil having an iodine value of 70 to 100 g I2/100 grams oil to obtain a partially hydrogenated, fully-epoxidized vegetable oil derivative exhibiting a iodine value less than 4 g I2/100 gram, an acid number less than 1 mg KOH/gram, an EOC from 4.0 to 5.7% and a Gardner Color value of 1 or less.