Abstract: Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoate from hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, heating the first mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction.

Abstract: A method for producing esters of an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid are disclosed, the method includes reacting a three or four carbon beta-hydroxyalkanoate composition or mixtures thereof with a mono-alcohol under heating conditions to form a reaction product and distilling the reaction product to recover a composition containing at least fifty percent by weight of the ester of the alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoates from hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, heating the first mixture, optionally in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method to rapidly solubilize beta glucan (BG) material comprising passing the beta glucan material, in solution, through an in-line high shear system, wherein viscosity of the solubilized beta glucan material is 90% or greater of ultimate viscosity and wherein filterability ratio of the solubilized beta glucan material ranges from about 1-2.

Abstract: A method for producing esters of an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid are disclosed, the method includes reacting a three or four carbon beta-hydroxyalkanoate composition or mixtures thereof with a mono-alcohol under heating conditions to form a reaction product and distilling the reaction product to recover a composition containing at least fifty percent by weight of the ester of the alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A search engine system, including a slashtag server configured to detect at least one search operator in a search query and detect a boosting indicator associated with the at least one search operator. Additionally, a web server configured to, in response to the detected boosting indicator, and generate a first search result that includes a boosted ranking of at least a subset a plurality of search result items in the search result and display the first search result in a web browser.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoate from hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, heating the first mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoates from hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxycarboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, heating the first mixture, optionally in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoate from hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, heating the first mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction.

Abstract: At least one key word is detect in a search query. Alternative search query is automatically generated based on the at least one key word. The alternative search query includes a search operator associated with the at least one key word. A first search result is generated based on the alternative search query and displayed in a web browser.

Abstract: Systems and methods for brain stimulation.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoate from hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, heating the first mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoate from hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, beating the first mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a structural component having tailored material properties by applying an IR-absorbent coating to a substrate formed of a ferrous-based, aluminum-based, magnesium-based, or fiber reinforced composite material is provided. The coating is preferably formed of iron oxide (Fe304) decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes. Alternatively, the coating is wax-based or polymer-based and includes TriSilanollsooctylt POSS and additives. Different coating compositions may be applied to different zones of the substrate so that the emissivity coefficient varies along the substrate. The coated substrate is heated and formed between a pair of dies to achieve a complex shape or features. The IR-absorbent coating increases the infrared absorption rate during the heating step, which improves formability of the substrate.

Abstract: Substantially homogeneous and stable suspensions of anthraquinone (AQ) compositions and methods of preparation are disclosed. The AQ compositions are utilized in pulping processes.

Abstract: A search engine system, including a slashtag server configured to detect at least a search operator in a search query, the search operator being associated with a category of content from a social network site. Also, a web server configured to, in response to detecting the search query, generate a first search result based on at least the category of content associated with the search operator, and display the first search result in a web browser.

Abstract: A method for producing esters of an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid are disclosed, the method includes reacting a three or four carbon beta-hydroxyalkanoate composition or mixtures thereof with a mono-alcohol under heating conditions to form a reaction product and distilling the reaction product to recover a composition containing at least fifty percent by weight of the ester of the alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The confidentiality of JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) message data is secured using an encryption scheme. The encryption scheme implements a JSON encryption syntax, together with a set of processing rules for creating encrypting arbitrary data in JSON messages in a platform/language independent manner. A method for encrypting a data item in a JSON message begins by applying an encryption method and a key to the data item to generate a cipher value. A data object is then constructed that represents an encryption of the data item. The data item in the JSON message is then replaced with the data object, and the resulting modified JSON message is then output from a sending entity. At a receiving entity, information in the data object is used to re-generate the data item, which is then placed back in the original message.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing alkyl hydroxyalkanoate from hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottoms. The methods generally comprise the steps of obtaining a hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom, adding a mono-alcohol to the hydroxy carboxylic acid recovery bottom to obtain a first mixture, beating the first mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product, distilling the reaction product, and recovering an alkyl hydroxyalkanoate fraction.

Abstract: A search engine system according to one embodiment includes a slashtag server having a hardware processor and memory storing instructions configured to cause the slashtag server to receive a search query regarding a search of an internet, detect at least one key word in the search query, search the internet based on the at least one key word, analyze results of the search query to determine relevant filter criteria in the results of the search query, generate an alternative search query based on the relevant filter criteria, and send the web server the alternative search query, where the alternative search query includes a search operator wrapped in a predetermined syntax and inserted by the slashtag server, and where a last entered key word of the at least one key word in the search query is removed such that it is not included in the alternative search query.