Abstract: An infill composition for artificial turf fields comprising at least one layer of particles comprising ligneous-belt corn-based particles, the ligneous-belt corn-based particles include a particle size distribution of ligneous-belt corn-based particles with an initial dry size of 0.5 to 5 mm and a final size of 0.6 to 7 mm to after wetting. The infill composition can be installed according to a method of spreading a layer of ligneous-belt corn-based particles over a carpet that is on a base of compacted stone, wherein the layer of ligneous-belt corn-based particles consists of dry particles; watering the layer of ligneous-belt corn-based particles such that the dry particles are expanded after the watering; brushing the layer of ligneous-belt corn-based particles; and decompacting the layer of ligneous-belt corn-based particles such that the ligneous-belt corn-based particles are evenly distributed over the carpet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to using olive pit particles as a portion of the infill for an artificial turf field. The olive pit particles are produced by crushing raw olive pits. The particles or pits are not treated with antimicrobial additives. Infills and artificial turf fields comprising such particles, or such particles in combination with the weight distributions and other materials disclosed in this application, exhibit superior properties compared to other infills and artificial turf fields comprising other organic materials and synthetic materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of isolating cells, generating cell lines, and detecting RNAs in cells using signaling probes that produce a signal upon hybridization to a target sequence. Other methods that utilize the signaling probe include methods of detecting or quantifying the effect of an agent on RNAs in a cell, methods of quantifying the level of RNA expression, methods for identifying genetic recombinational events in living cells and methods of generating a transgenic animal using the isolated cells. The invention also provides protease probes. Signaling probes and protease probes that form stem-loop structures, three-arm junction structures, and dumbbell structures are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of isolating cells, generating cell lines, and detecting RNAs in cells using signaling probes that produce a signal upon hybridization to a target sequence. Other methods that utilize the signaling probe include methods of detecting or quantifying the effect of an agent on RNAs in a cell, methods of quantifying the level of RNA expression, methods for identifying genetic recombinational events in living cells and methods of generating a transgenic animal using the isolated cells. The invention also provides protease probes. Signaling probes and protease probes that form stem-loop structures, three-arm junction structures, and dumbbell structures are provided.