Abstract: An interconnect structure includes a dielectric layer, a first conductive feature, a hard mask layer, a conductive layer, and a capping layer. The first conductive feature is disposed in the dielectric layer. The hard mask layer is disposed on the first conductive feature. The conductive layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the conductive layer is disposed over at least a first portion of the hard mask layer, and the second portion of the conductive layer is disposed over the dielectric layer. The hard mask layer and the conductive layer are formed by different materials. The capping layer is disposed on the dielectric layer and the conductive layer.

Abstract: A decoding method is provided, and the method includes performing a decoding operation on a plurality of data bit value sets of a codeword. The decoding operation includes following steps: (1) obtaining a syndrome of the data bit value sets; (2) determining whether the codeword is correct or incorrect according to the latest obtained syndrome, wherein if the codeword is correct, the decoding operation is ended, wherein if the codeword is wrong, continuing to step (3) to start an iterative operation; (3) obtaining a plurality of error value sets respectively corresponding to the data bit value sets, wherein in response to obtaining a first error value set, steps (4) and (5) are performed simultaneously; (4) performing an extreme value search operation; (5) performing a bit-flipping operation; and (6) performing a syndrome calculation operation after the step (5) is completed, and performing step (2).

Abstract: A decoding method is provided, and the method includes performing a decoding operation on a plurality of data bit value sets of a codeword. The decoding operation includes following steps: (1) obtaining a syndrome of the data bit value sets; (2) determining whether the codeword is correct or incorrect according to the latest obtained syndrome, wherein if the codeword is correct, the decoding operation is ended, wherein if the codeword is wrong, continuing to step (3) to start an iterative operation; (3) obtaining a plurality of error value sets respectively corresponding to the data bit value sets, wherein in response to obtaining a first error value set, steps (4) and (5) are performed simultaneously; (4) performing an extreme value search operation; (5) performing a bit-flipping operation; and (6) performing a syndrome calculation operation after the step (5) is completed, and performing step (2).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a fluorescent gold nanocluster, comprising: a dihydrolipoic acid ligand (DHLA) on the surface thereof, wherein the fluorescent gold nanocluster generates fluorescence by the interaction between the dihydrolipoic acid ligand and the nanocluster and the particle diameter of the fluorescent gold nanocluster is between 0.5 nm and 3 nm, wherein the wavelength of the emission fluorescence of the fluorescent gold nanocluster is between 400 nm and 1000 nm. In addition, the fluorescent gold nanocluster is used as bioprobes and/or applied in fluorescent biological label, clinical image as contrast medium, clinical detection, clinical trace, and clinical treatment etc.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a fluorescent gold nanocluster, comprising: a dihydrolipoic acid ligand (DHLA) on the surface thereof, wherein the fluorescent gold nanocluster generates fluorescence by the interaction between the dihydrolipoic acid ligand and the nanocluster and the particle diameter of the fluorescent gold nanocluster is between 0.5 nm and 3 nm, wherein the wavelength of the emission fluorescence of the fluorescent gold nanocluster is between 400 nm and 1000 nm. In addition, the fluorescent gold nanocluster is used as bioprobes and/or applied in fluorescent biological label, clinical image as contrast medium, clinical detection, clinical trace, and clinical treatment etc.