Abstract: An image foreground-background segmentation method and system based on sparse decomposition and graph Laplacian regularization are disclosed. Firstly, an image is divided into a plurality of non-overlapping image blocks; Then, a foreground-background segmentation model of the image is established according to the image blocks; An image segmentation problem is divided into several sub-problems, which are solved by iteration; Finally, after the iteration, solutions of the problem are obtained; The obtained solutions are respectively matrixed and patched to obtain a foreground image, which is a foreground image of the whole image. The image foreground-background segmentation method uses the linear combination of graph Fourier basis functions to better represent the smooth background region. In addition, the graph Laplacian regularization is used to characterize the connectivity of foreground text and graphics while keeping sharp foreground text and graphics contours.