Abstract: A solar cell and preparation method. The solar cell includes silicon substrate having first or second polarity, where the substrate includes first and second sides opposite to each other; first passivation structure on first side of the substrate, a portion of first structure farthest from the substrate having first polarity and a position where first structure is located being first electrode region; second passivation structure on a side of first structure away from the substrate, a portion of second structure farthest from the substrate having second polarity and a position where second structure is located being second electrode region, second and first electrode regions are not overlapped and second structure has a process temperature lower than first structure; and first electrode in first region on a side of second structure away from the substrate and second electrode in second region on a side of second structure away from the substrate.

Abstract: A control system is disclosed with a control strategy for autonomous multi-bus hybrid microgrids based on Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC). The control loops are expedited by predicting the future states and determining the optimal control action before switching signals are sent to converters/inverters. The method eliminates PI and PWM components, and offers 1) accurate PV maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and battery charging/discharging control, 2) DC and AC bus voltage/frequency regulation, and 3) precise and flexible power sharing control among multiple DERs.