Abstract: A controller for a power converter includes conduction detection circuitry and a variable reference generator. The conduction detection circuitry is coupled to generate a conduction signal representative of conduction times that an input signal is above a threshold value. The variable reference generator is coupled to receive the conduction signal and configured to generate a count value in response to a first conduction time of the conduction signal. The variable reference generator is coupled to output a reference signal in response to the count value and in response to prior count values stored in the variable reference generator.

Abstract: A controller for use in a power converter includes a comparator coupled to receive a signal representative of an output of the power converter. A counter is coupled to an output of the comparator to sample the output of the comparator a plurality of times within a period. A state machine is coupled to an output of the counter to control switching of the power converter according to one of a plurality of operating condition states in response to the output of the counter. The state machine is coupled to be updated at an end of the period.

Abstract: An example controller for a switched mode power supply includes a zero crossing detector, drive logic, and a logic gate. The zero-crossing detector generates a zero-crossing signal indicating a zero-crossing condition in the power supply. The drive logic generates a drive logic output signal in response to the zero-crossing signal and in response to a feedback signal, where the drive logic output signal is representative of an on-time of a switch to regulate an output of the power supply. The logic gate is coupled to receive a first signal representative of a current through the switch and a second signal representative of a zero-crossing time threshold. The logic gate is further coupled to extend the on-time of the switch until current through the switch reaches a zero-crossing current threshold or until the on-time of the switch reaches the zero-crossing time threshold.

Abstract: A method of operation for flyback power converter includes operating a controller of the flyback power converter in a regulation mode when a control signal is below a first threshold. The control signal is provided as an input to a terminal of the flyback power converter. When the control signal is below a second threshold and above the first threshold, the controller is operated in a limiting mode. The controller is operated in an external command mode when the control signal is below a third threshold and above the second threshold. Lastly, when the control signal is above the third threshold, the controller is operated in a protection mode.

Abstract: A method of operation for flyback power converter includes operating a controller of the flyback power converter in a regulation mode when a control signal is below a first threshold. The control signal is provided as an input to a terminal of the flyback power converter. When the control signal is below a second threshold and above the first threshold, the controller is operated in a limiting mode. The controller is operated in an external command mode when the control signal is below a third threshold and above the second threshold. Lastly, when the control signal is above the third threshold, the controller is operated in a protection mode.

Abstract: A controller for use in a power converter includes a comparator coupled to receive a signal representative of an output of the power converter. A counter is coupled to an output of the comparator to sample the output of the comparator a plurality of times within a period. A state machine is coupled to an output of the counter to control switching of the power converter according to one of a plurality of operating condition states in response to the output of the counter. The state machine is coupled to be updated at an end of the period.

Abstract: An example controller for a power supply includes a first circuit and a drive signal generator. The first circuit receives a first signal representative of a switch current flowing through a switch of the power supply and then generates a second signal in response the switch current not reaching a current threshold within an amount of time. The second signal indicates when a dimming circuit at an input of the power supply is utilized. The drive signal generator generates a drive signal to control switching of the switch in response to the second signal, where energy is transferred across an energy transfer element of the power supply in response to the switching of the switch.

Abstract: An example controller for a switched mode power supply includes a zero crossing detector, drive logic, and a logic gate. The zero-crossing detector generates a zero-crossing signal indicating a zero-crossing condition in the power supply. The drive logic generates a drive logic output signal in response to the zero-crossing signal and in response to a feedback signal, where the drive logic output signal is representative of an on-time of a switch to regulate an output of the power supply. The logic gate is coupled to receive a first signal representative of a current through the switch and a second signal representative of a zero-crossing time threshold. The logic gate is further coupled to extend the on-time of the switch until current through the switch reaches a zero-crossing current threshold or until the on-time of the switch reaches the zero-crossing time threshold.

Abstract: An example controller includes a comparator coupled to receive a feedback signal representative of an output of the power converter. A counter is coupled to receive an output of the comparator and a feedback sampling signal. The counter is coupled to sample the output of the comparator in response to the feedback sampling signal. A state machine is coupled to receive a feedback time period signal. The state machine is coupled to control switching of the power converter according to one of a plurality of operating conditions in response to the counter and the feedback time period signal. A period of the feedback time period signal is substantially greater than a period of the feedback sampling signal. The state machine is coupled to be updated in response to the feedback time period signal.

Abstract: An example controller for a switched mode power supply includes a drive signal generator and a zero-crossing detector. The drive signal generator is to be coupled to control switching of a switch included in the power supply to regulate an output of the power supply. The zero-crossing detector is coupled to the drive signal generator and coupled to receive a current sense signal representative of a switch current flowing through the switch. The zero-crossing detector generates a zero-crossing signal in response to comparing the current sense signal with a reference signal representative of a zero-crossing current threshold. The zero-crossing signal indicates when a zero-crossing condition of an ac line input voltage of the power supply exists.

Abstract: An example switched mode power supply includes a timer, a threshold adjust circuitry, a comparator, and a control circuitry. The timer times a duration between crossings of a phase-dimmed signal across a first threshold. The threshold adjust circuitry adjusts a second threshold representative of a desired output of the switched mode power supply, where the second threshold is adjusted responsive to the timed duration between crossings. The comparator compares a feedback signal with the second threshold and generates a comparison result. The control circuitry controls switching of a power switch responsive to the comparison result to regulate the output of the switched mode power supply.

Abstract: An example controller for a switched mode power supply includes a comparator, a drive logic, and an on-time extension block. The comparator has an output indicating whether the current through a switch of the power supply exceeds a zero-crossing current threshold. The drive logic is to generate a drive logic output signal in response to the current sense signal and in response to a feedback signal, where the drive logic output signal is representative of an on-time of the switch to regulate the output of the power supply. The on-time extension block is coupled to control switching of a switch and to extend the on-time until the output of the comparator indicates that the current sense signal reaches the zero-crossing current threshold or until the on-time of the switch reaches a zero-crossing time threshold.

Abstract: An example controller for a switched mode power supply includes a zero-crossing detector and a drive signal generator. The zero-crossing detector is coupled to generate a zero-crossing signal representative of a phase angle of a dimmer output voltage for a half line cycle of the power supply. The drive signal generator controls switching of a switch to regulate an output of the power supply in response to a feedback signal representative of the output. The drive signal generator further controls switching of the switch to adjust dimming of the output of the power supply in response to the phase angle indicated by the zero-crossing signal.

Abstract: A method of operation for flyback power converter includes operating a controller of the flyback power converter in a regulation mode when a control signal is below a first threshold. The control signal is provided as an input to a terminal of the flyback power converter. When the control signal is below a second threshold and above the first threshold, the controller is operated in a limiting mode. The controller is operated in an external command mode when the control signal is below a third threshold and above the second threshold. Lastly, when the control signal is above the third threshold, the controller is operated in a protection mode.

Abstract: An example controller includes a feedback sensor circuit that receives a feedback signal representative of an output of a power converter. A feedback sampling signal generator is coupled to generate a feedback sampling signal. The feedback sensor circuit samples the feedback signal in response to the feedback sampling signal. A state machine controls switching of a switch of a power converter circuit according to one of a plurality of operating condition states in response to the feedback sensor circuit. Each of the plurality of operating condition states includes a substantially fixed switch on time. A feedback time period signal generator generates a feedback time period signal received by the state machine. A period of the feedback time period signal is substantially greater than a period of the feedback sampling signal. The state machine is updated in response to the feedback time period signal.

Abstract: An example controller for a switched mode power supply includes a zero-crossing detector, drive logic, and an on-time extension block. The zero-crossing detector is coupled to generate a first signal prior to a zero-crossing of an input voltage of the power supply. The drive logic is to generate a drive logic output signal in response to a feedback signal, where the drive logic output signal is representative of an initial on-time. The on-time extension block is coupled to the zero-crossing detector and to the drive logic to generate a drive signal in response to the drive logic output signal. The drive signal controls switching of a switch to remove charge from a filter capacitor of the power supply. The drive signal is representative of a total on-time of the switch equal to a sum of the initial on-time and an extended on-time, where the extended on-time is responsive to the first signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an integrated method and system for treating a contaminated fluid. The integrated system and method is configured to simultaneously perform multiple functions, for example, transportation, mixing, treatment and separation. The contaminated fluid and treating agents are pumped simultaneously into a processing tank and vigorously mixed by at least one pump-mixer. The at least one pump-mixer is configured to simultaneously perform combined functions such as fluid transportation, rapid and vigorous mixing and treatment. The rapid and vigorous mixing by at least one pump-mixer enhances the processing rates considerably. The contaminants and the disaggregated particles undergo treatment as a result of their reactions with the treating agents. The process residuals, usually in the form of sludge, are separated from the treated fluid. The separation system is also configured to simultaneously perform multiple functions.

Abstract: An example controller for a switched mode power supply includes a zero-crossing detector and a drive signal generator. The zero-crossing detector is coupled to generate a zero-crossing signal representative of a phase angle of a dimmer output voltage for a half line cycle of the power supply. The drive signal generator controls switching of a switch to regulate an output of the power supply in response to a feedback signal representative of the output. The drive signal generator further controls switching of the switch to adjust dimming of the output of the power supply in response to the phase angle indicated by the zero-crossing signal.

Abstract: An example controller includes a feedback sensor circuit that receives a feedback signal representative of an output of a power converter. A feedback sampling signal generator is coupled to generate a feedback sampling signal. The feedback sensor circuit samples the feedback signal in response to the feedback sampling signal. A state machine controls switching of a switch of a power converter circuit according to one of a plurality of operating condition states in response to the feedback sensor circuit. Each of the plurality of operating condition states includes a substantially fixed switch on time. A feedback time period signal generator generates a feedback time period signal received by the state machine. A period of the feedback time period signal is substantially greater than a period of the feedback sampling signal. The state machine is updated in response to the feedback time period signal.

Abstract: An example controller for a switched mode power supply includes a zero-crossing detector, a feedback reference circuit, and a drive signal generator. The zero-crossing detector is coupled to generate a zero-crossing signal representative of a length of time that a zero-crossing condition of an input voltage of the power supply exists. The feedback reference circuit is to be coupled to receive a feedback signal and a reference signal, where the feedback signal is representative of an output of the power supply and where the controller is adapted to adjust the reference signal in response to the length of time that the zero-crossing condition exists. The drive signal generator is to be coupled to control switching of a switch included in the power supply in response to an output of the feedback reference circuit to regulate an output of the power supply.