Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine: detecting a first signal from a knock sensor in a temporal measurement window for a first load point and for a first energization duration—assigned to a pre-injection—of an injector for an operating cycle; calculating a first first evaluation point from the first signal by a first metric; detecting a second signal from the knock sensor in the temporal measurement window for the first load point and for a second energization duration—assigned to the pre-injection—of the injector for the operating cycle; calculating by the first metric a second first evaluation point from the second signal; determining an optimum energization duration as an optimum of the first first evaluation point and the second first evaluation point; and storing and/or applying the optimum energization duration to the first load point and the first combustion chamber.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to the processing of a safety-related user program for a safety control system. The generation of the machine code for the safety-related control takes place on a cloud computer. The data required for generating the machine code such as the source code data of the user program, are secured with a unique signature and transmitted to the cloud computer. The machine code is generated on the cloud computer from the transmitted data. A new signature is generated via the resultant data and the signature from the preceding step. The entire safety life cycle is also covered, since each step in the life cycle is automatically documented and may be clearly tracked at any time, and corruptions of a step may be detected.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine, the method including the steps of: (a) actuating an injector to introduce a pre-injection amount of a fuel into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine; (b) determining, for an operating cycle of the combustion chamber in which the injector was actuated in the step (a), a pressure gradient characteristic value which is characteristic of a combustion chamber pressure gradient in the combustion chamber; (c) repeating the steps (a) and (b) a plurality of times; (d) determining a skew of a distribution of a plurality of pressure gradient characteristic values determined in the step (c); and (e) changing or maintaining an actuation of the injector depending on the skew determined in the step (d).

Abstract: A method for monitoring an operability of a vehicle, the method including the steps of: traveling a route, which is defined, with the vehicle; detecting at least one power parameter of the vehicle, the at least one power parameter being characteristic for a power of a drive of the vehicle; comparing, in a first comparison, the at least one power parameter with historical data regarding the route traveled; and evaluating the operability of the vehicle based on the first comparison.

Abstract: A charger has a plurality of electrical interfaces, wherein a respective electrical interface is able to be coupled to an electrical energy store to be charged, in order to charge the electrical energy store to be charged. A common charge line of the charger carries a charging potential, in particular a positive charging potential, during the charging operation of the charger.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine. The method includes detecting a structure borne sound signal in a time-dependent manner for the at least one combustion chamber during operation of the internal combustion engine, and determining, in a predetermined measuring window, at least one evaluation parameter from the detected structure borne sound signal. The method also includes obtaining at least one comparative result by comparing the at least one evaluation parameter with at least one predetermined comparison value, and assigning to the structure borne sound signal, on the basis of the at least one comparative result, one of a knocking event in the at least one combustion chamber and an interference signal.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine, including aligning an injection behavior of the number of injectors. Aligning the injection behavior includes switching off one injector of the number of injectors, detecting a signal of the internal combustion engine that is to be assigned to the switched off injector, determining an alignment characteristic from the signal and assigning the alignment characteristic to the switched off injector as an alignment characteristic assigned to the injector, and switching on the previously switched off injector. Aligning the injection behavior further includes performing the aforementioned steps sequentially for the other injectors of the number of injectors and correcting a control of an injector that is to be corrected using the measured value assigned to the injector that is to be corrected.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to the processing of a safety-related user program for a safety control system. The generation of the machine code for the safety-related control takes place on a cloud computer. The data required for generating the machine code such as the source code data of the user program, are secured with a unique signature and transmitted to the cloud computer. The machine code is generated on the cloud computer from the transmitted data. A new signature is generated via the resultant data and the signature from the preceding step. The entire safety life cycle is also covered, since each step in the life cycle is automatically documented and may be clearly tracked at any time, and corruptions of a step may be detected.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a cylinder pressure sensor, in which method the sensor value is checked for admissibility and inadmissibility in a predefinable crankshaft angle range, when admissibility is detected the cylinder pressure sensor is used further and when inadmissibility is detected the cylinder pressure sensor is deactivated. A first sensor value of the cylinder pressure sensor is set as a start value, and a second sensor value is set as a stop value, a plateau range is determined from the number of sampling steps between the start value and the stop value, and the plateau range is set as decisive for the admissibility or inadmissibility of the sensor values.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine, including aligning an injection behavior of the number of injectors. Aligning the injection behavior includes switching off one injector of the number of injectors, detecting a signal of the internal combustion engine that is to be assigned to the switched off injector, determining an alignment characteristic from the signal and assigning the alignment characteristic to the switched off injector as an alignment characteristic assigned to the injector, and switching on the previously switched off injector. Aligning the injection behavior further includes performing the aforementioned steps sequentially for the other injectors of the number of injectors and correcting a control of an injector that is to be corrected using the measured value assigned to the injector that is to be corrected.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine. The method includes detecting a structure borne sound signal in a time-dependent manner for the at least one combustion chamber during operation of the internal combustion engine, and determining, in a predetermined measuring window, at least one evaluation parameter from the detected structure borne sound signal. The method also includes obtaining at least one comparative result by comparing the at least one evaluation parameter with at least one predetermined comparison value, and assigning to the structure borne sound signal, on the basis of the at least one comparative result, one of a knocking event in the at least one combustion chamber and an interference signal.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a cylinder pressure sensor, in which method the sensor value is checked for admissibility and inadmissibility in a predefinable crankshaft angle range, when admissibility is detected the cylinder pressure sensor is used further and when inadmissibility is detected the cylinder pressure sensor is deactivated. A first sensor value of the cylinder pressure sensor is set as a start value, and a second sensor value is set as a stop value, a plateau range is determined from the number of sampling steps between the start value and the stop value, and the plateau range is set as decisive for the admissibility or inadmissibility of the sensor values.

Abstract: Processing and transmitting of data within a functionally safe electronic system having at least two subsystems, each of which comprises at least one safety component, and each of which complies with a specific safety level for functionally safe data processing. Embodiments process data using the safety component of a first one of the subsystems into functionally safe data of a first safety level, and add an indication attribute indicating suitability of these data for use of this first safety level; transmitting the data to a second one of the subsystems; and checking the received indication attribute, by the second subsystem using the safety component, to determine whether the safety level indicated by this indication attribute is different from the safety level the second subsystem complies with; and, if the check reveals non-equal safety levels, further processing the data in functionally a safe manner based on the lower safety level.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a joint unit for an articulated connection of at least one first component and one second component. The joint unit comprises a joint body, in particular a sleeve-like joint body, connectable to the first component. A first joint element is arranged rotatably supported about a first axis of rotation in the joint body. The first joint element has at least one bearing section that receives a second joint element that is rotatably supported about a second axis of rotation and that is connectable to the second component.

Abstract: Processing and transmitting of data within a functionally safe electronic system having at least two subsystems, each of which comprises at least one safety component, and each of which complies with a specific safety level for functionally safe data processing. Embodiments process data using the safety component of a first one of the subsystems into functionally safe data of a first safety level, and add an indication attribute indicating suitability of these data for use of this first safety level; transmitting the data to a second one of the subsystems; and checking the received indication attribute, by the second subsystem using the safety component, to determine whether the safety level indicated by this indication attribute is different from the safety level the second subsystem complies with; and, if the check reveals non-equal safety levels, further processing the data in functionally a safe manner based on the lower safety level.

Abstract: A method for operating a quantity-controlled internal combustion engine having at least two cylinders, including the following steps: ascertaining a present operating state; determining a number of cylinders or cylinder groups to be deactivated in dependence on the present operating state; deactivating or keeping deactivated a fuel supply for at least one cylinder to be deactivated or at least one cylinder group if at least one cylinder or at least one cylinder group is to be deactivated; and opening a flow-influencing element associated with the at least one cylinder or the at least one cylinder group for a fresh mass supply to the at least one cylinder to be deactivated or the at least one cylinder group to be deactivated.